PROFESIONALNI STRES KOD MEDICINSKOG OSOBLJA
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.19090/pp.2020.3.349-370Ključne reči:
medicinsko osoblje, primarna zdravstvena zaštita, profesionalni stresApstrakt
Istraživanje je sprovedeno sa ciljem da se utvrdi nivo profesionalnog stresa na uzorku od 220 zdravstvenih radnika koji su pohađali akreditovan kurs „Dobra komunikacija sa pacijentima“ koji je tokom 2018. i 2019. godine održan u Novom Sadu, Kragujevcu, Nišu i Beogradu. Preko 70% ispitanih zdravstvenih radnika je iz primarnog nivoa zdravstvene zaštite (domovi zdravlja i manje ambulante pri većim domovima zdravlja). Po završetku кursa, uz popunjavanje evaluacije i testova znanja učesnici su zamoljeni da anonimno popune i skalu profesionalnog stresa sa ciljem da se proceni nivo profesionalnog stresa. Rezultati su pokazali da je nivo profesionalnog stresa za ceo ispitani uzorak umeren (M = 64.40; SD = 12.43). Jedina dobijena značajna razlika je prema polu, odnosno pokazalo se da žene zdravstveni radnici imaju viši nivo stresa u poređenju sa muškarcima. Očekivane pretpostavke koje su se odnosile na postojanje razlika u nivou profesionalnog stresa u odnosu na bračno stanje, godine starosti, radni staž i radno mesto nisu dobijene. Sagledavanje nivoa stresa zdravstvenih radnika je od značaja za organizovanje tematskih edukacija, kurseva i preventivnog rada sa ciljem da se na vreme prepoznaju i spreče štetni uticaji profesionalnog stresa na fizičko i mentalno zdravlje medicinskog osoblja.
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Čabarkapa, M. (2016). Stres – opšti modeli, uzroci i posledice. Institut za psihologiju, Filozofski fakultet u Beogradu.
Čabarkapa, M. i Đurišić–Bojanović, M. (2014). Psihosocijalni izvori stresa u globalno promenjenom radnom okruženju i zahtevi za promenama u sistemu obrazovanja. U Dimitrijević, B. (Ur.), Savremene paradigme u nauci i naučnoj fantastici (str. 48–62). Univerzitet u Nišu, Filozofski fakultet.
Capan, K. (2017). Stres kod zdravstvenih radnika u izvanbolničkim uvjetima (Nepublikovan diplomski rad). Hrvatski studij, Sveučilište u Zagrebu.
Carta, M. G., Preti, A., Portoghese, I., Pisanu, E., Moro, D., Pintus, M., Pintus, E., Perra, A., D'Oca, S., Atzeni, M., Campagna, M., Pascolo, E. F., Sancassiani, F., Finco, G., D'Aloja, E., & Grassi, L. (2017). Risk for Depression, Burnout and Low Quality of Life Among Personnel of a University Hospital in Italy is a Consequence of the Impact One Economic Crisis in the Welfare System? Clinical Practice and Epidemiology Mental Health, 13, 156–167. https://doi.org/10.2174/1745017901713010156.
Cathebras, P., Begon, A., Laporte, S., Bois, C., & Truchot, D. (2004). Burnout among French general practitioners. La Presse Medicale, 18, 1569–1574. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0755–4982(04)98994–4
Cavalheiro, A.M., Junior, D. M. & Lopes, A.C. (2008). Stress in nurses working in intensive care units. Revista Latino–Americana de Enfermagem, 16(1), 29–35. https://doi.org/10.1590/s0104–11692008000100005
Cohen, S., Kamarck, T., & Mermelstein, R. (1983). A global measure of perceived stress. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 24, 385–396. https://doi.org/10.2307/2136404
Cooper, C. L., Cooper, R. D., & Eaker, L. H. (1988). Living with stress. Penguin Book.
Dušak, M. (2012). Procjena emocionalne kompetencije i razine stresa kod medicinskih sestara u jedinici intenzivnog liječenja. Hrvatski časopis za javno zdravstvo, 8(31), 72–83.
Ekić, S., Primorac, A. i Vučić, B. (2016). Profesionalni stres kod medicinskih sestara i tehničara. Journal of Applied Health Sciences, 2(1), 39–46. https://doi.org/10.24141/1/2/1/5
Embracio, N., Papazian, L., Kenetish–Barnes, N., Pochard, F., & Azoulay, E. (2007). Burnout syndrome among critical care healthcare workers. Current Opinion in Critical Care, 13, 482– 488. https://doi.org/10.1097/MCC.0b013e3282efd28a
Eriksen, W., Tambs, K., & Knardahl, S. (2006). Work factors and psychological distress in nurses' aides: a prospective cohort study. BioMed Central Public Health, 6(290), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471–2458–6–290
Finney, S. J., & DiStefano, C. (2006). Non–normal and categorical data in structural equation modeling. Structural Equation Modeling: A Second Course, 10(6), 269–314.
Fischer, J., Kumar, S., & Hatcher, S. (2007). What makes psychiatry such a stressful profession? Australasian Psychiatry, 5, 417–421. https://doi.org/10.1080/10398560701439699
Galjak, M. (2018). Profesionalni stres zdravstvenih radnika sa različitim karakteristikama stresnog opterećenja. (Neobjavljena doktorska disertacija). Medicinski fakultet, Univerzitet u Kosovskoj Mitrovici, Kosovska Mitrovica.
Goehring, C., Gallacchi, M.B., Kunzi, B., & Bovier, P. (2005). Psychosocial and professional characteristics of burnout in Swiss primary care practitioners: a cross sectional survey. Swiss Medical Weekly, 135, 101–108. https://doi.org/ 2005/07/smw–10841
Healy, S., & Tyrell, M. (2011). Stress in emergency departments: experiences of nurses and doctors. Emergency Nurse, 19(4), 31–37. https://doi.org/ 10.7748/en2011.07.19.4.31.c8611
Hongxia, G., Chunping, Ni., Changqing, L., Jiping, L. & Suzhen, L. (2019). Perceived job stress among community nurses: A multi‐center cross‐sectional study. International Journal of Nursing Practice, 25 (1), 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1111/ijn.12703
Jamal, M., & Baba, V. (2014). Job Stress and Burnout Among Canadian Managers and Nurses: An Empirical Examination. Canadian Journal of Public Health, 91(6), 454–458. https://doi.org/ 10.1007/BF03404828
Jenkins, R. & Elliott, P. (2004). Stressors, burnout and social support: Nurses in acute mental health settings. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 48(6), 622–631. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365–2648.2004.03240.x
Johnson, S., Cooper, C., Cartwright, S., Donald, I., Taylor, P., & Millet, C. (2005). The experience of work–related stress across ocupations. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 20(2), 178–187. https://doi.org/ 10.1108/02683940510579803
Karasek, R., Baker, D., Marcel, F., Ahlbom, A., & Theorell, T. (1981). Job decision atitude, job demands, and cardiovascular disease: A prospective study of Swedish men. American Journal of Public Health, 71(7), 694–705. https://doi.org/10.2105/ajph.71.7.694
Klikovac, T. (2008). Profesionalni stres i sindrom izgaranja kod onkološkog medicinskog osoblja (Neobjavljen magistarski rad). Filozofski fakultet, Univerzitet u Beogradu.
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