Reinforcement sensitivity and tripartite authenticity in the prediction of aggressiveness

Kristina Ranđelović; Milica Tasković

doi:10.19090/pp.v19i1.2607

Autori

Kristina Ranđelović Departman za psihologiju, Filozofski fakultet, Univerzitet u Novom Sadu https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6617-659X
Milica Tasković Department of Psychology, Faculty of Philosophy, University of Niš, Serbia https://orcid.org/0009-0006-6670-802X

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.19090/pp.v19i1.2607

Ključne reči:

reinforcement sensitivity, tripartite authenticity, aggressiveness

Apstrakt

Osnovni cilj rada bio je ispitivanje osobina ličnosti (iz revidirane Teorije osetljivosti na potkrepljenje) i autentičnosti (prema tripartitivnom modelu) kao prediktora agresivnosti (bes, osvetoljubivost, dominacija i hostilnost), kao i utvrđivanje interakcijskih efekata autentičnosti na odnos osobina ličnosti i agresivnosti. Uzorak je činilo 460 ispitanika (82.8 % ženskog pola), prosečne starosti od 25 godina. BIS se pokazao kao ključni prediktor svih aspekata autentičnosti i to u očekivanom smeru – negativno je povezan sa autentičnim životom, a pozitivno sa samootuđenjem i prihvatanjem spoljašnjih uticaja. Pored BIS-a, BAS je najsnažniji pozitivni korelat autentičnog života. Samootuđenje najznačajniji pozitivni prediktor besa, hostilnosti i osvetoljubivosti. Prihvatanje spoljašnjih uticaja takođe doprinosi besu i hostilnosti, dok je autentični život manje značajan, ali ipak pozitivno povezan sa hostilnošću. Rezultati moderacione analize pokazuju da samootuđenje i prihvatanje spoljašnjih uticaja slabe vezu između tendencije ka borbi i iskustva besa. Suprotno tome, kod osoba sa najizraženijim vrednostima autentičnog života, veza između tendencije ka blokiranju i iskustva besa je izraženija. Autentični život i samootuđenje imaju suprotan efekat na vezu između BAS-a i dominacije. Kod osoba sa niskim nivoom autentičnog života, BAS je snažno povezan sa dominacijom, dok ta veza slabi sa porastom autentičnosti. Suprotno tome, kod osoba sa visokim nivoom samootuđenja, BAS je snažno povezan sa dominacijom, a ta veza slabi sa smanjenjem samootuđenja. Veza između BIS-a i hostilnosti najjača je kod osoba koje su najmanje sklone prihvatanju spoljašnjih uticaja, i slabi sa porastom prihvatanja spoljašnjih uticaja. Rezultati istraživanja pružaju značajan uvid u složen odnos navedenih konstrukata, te otvaraju brojna pitanja za buduća istraživanja.

Ključne reči: osobine ličnosti, autentičnost i agresivnost

Reference

Akin, A., & Akin, U. (2014). Examining the relationship between authenticity and self-handicapping. Psychological Reports, 115(3), 795–804. https://doi.org/10.2466/09.PR0.115c26z1 DOI: https://doi.org/10.2466/09.PR0.115c26z1

Allen, J. J., & Anderson, C. (2017). Aggression and violence: Definitions and distinctions. In P. Sturmey (Ed.), The Wiley handbook of violence and aggression. John Wiley & Sons. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119057574.whbva001

Barrett-Lennard, G. T. (1998). Carl Rogers’ helping system: Journey and substance. London: Sage. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4135/9781446217894

Carver, C.S. (2004). Negative affects deriving from the Behavioral Approach System. Emotion, 4(1), 3–22. https://doi.org/10.1037/1528-3542.4.1.3 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/1528-3542.4.1.3

Chester, D. S., & DeWall, C. N. (2013). Trait aggression. In M. S. Eastin (Ed.), Encyclopedia of media violence (pp. 352–356). Sage.

Cooper, A., Gomez, R., & Buck, E. (2008). The relationships between the BIS and BAS, anger and responses to anger. Personality and Individual Differences, 44(2), 403–413. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2007.09.005 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2007.09.005

Corr, P. J., & Perkins, A. M. (2009). Differentiating defensive and predatory aggression: Neuropsychological systems and personality in sex differences. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 32(3-4), 274–275. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0140525X09990434 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0140525X09990434

Cota-McKinley, A. L., Woody, W. D., & Bell, P. A. (2001). Vengeance: Effects of gender, age, and religious background. Aggressive Behavior: Official Journal of the International Society for Research on Aggression, 27(5), 343–350. https://doi.org/10.1002/ab.1019 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/ab.1019

Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (1985). Intrinsic motivation and self-determination in human behavior. New York: Plenum Press. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-2271-7

Depue, R. A., & Collins, P. F. (1999). Neurobiology of the structure of personality: Dopamine, facilitation of incentive motivation, and extraversion. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 22(03), 491–517. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x99002046 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0140525X99002046

Dinić, B. (2019). Principi psihološkog testiranja [Principles of psychological testing]. Novi Sad, RS: Filozofski fakultet. Preuzeto sa http://digitalna.ff.uns.ac.rs/sadrzaj/2019/978-86-6065-540-2

Dinić, B., Mitrović, D., i Smederevac, S. (2014). Upitnik BODH (Bes, Osvetoljubivost, Dominacija, Hostilnost): Novi Upitnik za procenu agresivnosti [The AVDH questionnaire (Anger, Vengefulness, Dominance and Hostility): New questionnaire for measurement of aggressiveness]. Primenjena psihologija, 7, 297–324. https://doi.org/10.19090/pp.2014.3-1.297-324 DOI: https://doi.org/10.19090/pp.2014.3-1.297-324

Erickson, R. J., & Ritter, C. (2001). Emotional labor, burnout, and inauthenticity: Does gender matter? Social Psychology Quarterly, 64, 146–163. https://doi.org/10.2307/3090130 DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/3090130

Fahlgren, M. K., Cheung, J. C., Ciesinski, N. K., McCloskey, M. S., & Coccaro, E. F. (2022). Gender differences in the relationship between anger and aggressive behavior. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 37(13-14), NP12661–NP12670. https://doi.org/10.1177/0886260521991870 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0886260521991870

Gray, J. A. (1987). The psychology of fear and stress (2nd ed.). Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.

Gray, J. A., & McNaughton, N. (2000). The neuropsychology of anxiety: An enquiry into the functions of the septo-hippocampal system (2nd ed.). Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.

Grégoire, S., Baron, L., Ménard, J., & Lachance, L. (2014). The Authenticity Scale: Psychometric properties of a French translation and exploration of its relationships with personality and well-being. Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science / Revue Canadienne Des Sciences Du Comportement, 46(3), 346–355. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0030962 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/a0030962

Grijak, D. (2017). Authenticity as a predictor of mental health [Authenticity as a predictor of mental health]. Klinička Psihologija, 10(1–2), 23–34. https://doi.org/10.21465/2017-KP-1-2-0002 DOI: https://doi.org/10.21465/2017-KP-1-2-0002

Grijak, D. (2018). Validacija srpske adaptacije Skale autentičnosti u partnerskim odnosima - (AIRS) [Validation of the Serbian adaptation of the Authenticity in Close Relationships Scale – AIRS]. Primenjena psihologija, 11(1), 89–104. https://doi.org/:10.19090/pp.2018.1.89-104 DOI: https://doi.org/10.19090/pp.2018.1.89-104

Harmon-Jones, E. (2003). Anger and the behavioral approach system. Personality and Individual differences, 35(5), 995–1005. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0191-8869(02)00313-6 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0191-8869(02)00313-6

Harmon-Jones, E., & Sigelman, J. (2001). State anger and prefrontal brain activity: evidence that insult-related relative left-prefrontal activation is associated with experienced anger and aggression. Journal of personality and social psychology, 80(5), 797–803. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.80.5.797 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037//0022-3514.80.5.797

Harter, S. (2002). Authenticity. In C. R. Snyder & S. J. Lopez (Eds.), Handbook of positive psychology (pp. 382–394). Oxford, England: Oxford University Press. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195135336.003.0027

Harter, S., Waters, P. L., Whitesell, N. R., & Kastelic, D. (1998). Level of voice among female and male high school students: Relational context, support, and gender orientation. Developmental Psychology, 34, 892–901. https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1037/0012-1649.34.5.892 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037//0012-1649.34.5.892

Hayes, A. (2022). Introduction to mediation, moderation, and conditional process analysis: a regression-based approach. Guilford Publications.

Hicks, J. A., Schlegel, R. J., & Newman, G. E. (2019). Introduction to the Special Issue: Authenticity: novel insights into a valued, yet elusive, concept. Review of General Psychology, 23(1), 3–7. https://doi.org/10.1177/1089268019829474 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1089268019829474

Horney, K. (1951). Neurosis and human growth. London: Routledge.

Joseph, S., & Linley, P. A. (2005). Positive adjustment to threatening events: An organismic valuing theory of growth through adversity. Review of General Psychology, 9, 262–280. https://doi.org/10.1037/1089-2680.9.3.262 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/1089-2680.9.3.262

Kernis, M. H., & Goldman, B. M. (2006). A multicomponent conceptualization of authenticity: Theory and research. Advances in Experimental Social Psychology, 38, 283–357. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0065-2601(06)38006-9 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0065-2601(06)38006-9

Krupić, D., & Dinić, B. (2017). Situational cues trigger Risk assessment, Fight, Flight, but not Freeze in Blanchard's threat scenarios". Human Ethology Bulletin, 32(2) 14–23. https://doi.org/10.22330/heb/322/014-023 DOI: https://doi.org/10.22330/heb/322/014-023

Krupić, D., Križanić, V., & Corr, P. J. (2016). Personality and defensive behaviour: A factor analytic approach to threat scenario choices. Personality and Individual Differences, 94, 303–308. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2016.01.045. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2016.01.045

Lopez, F. G., & Rice, K. G. (2006). Preliminary development and validation of a measure of relationship authenticity. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 53(3), 362. https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1037/0022-0167.53.3.362 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-0167.53.3.362

Maltby, J., Wood, A. M., Day, L., & Pinto, D. (2012). The position of authenticity within extant models of personality. Personality and Individual Differences, 52, 269–273. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2011.10.014 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2011.10.014

Maslow, A. H. (1968). Toward a Psychology of Being. New York, NY: John Wiley & Sons.

McCormick, W. H., Turner, L. A., and Foster, J. D. (2015). A model of perceived parenting, authenticity, contingent self-worth and internalized aggression among college students. Personality and Individual Differencess, 86, 504–508. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2015.06.050 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2015.06.050

Međedović, J. (2013). Analiza interakcija prediktora u modelima linearne regresije: primer stranačke evaluacije [Analysis of the interaction of predictors in the linear regression models: An example of party evaluation]. Primenjena psihologija, 6(3), 267–286. https://doi.org/10.19090/pp.2013.3.267-286 DOI: https://doi.org/10.19090/pp.2013.3.267-286

Naumova, K. & Naumov, F. (2022). The relevance of authenticity to clinical distress: Reaffirming the role of self-alienation. Primenjena psihologija, 15(1), 3–27. https://doi.org/10.19090/pp.v15i1.2361 DOI: https://doi.org/10.19090/pp.v15i1.2361

Pinto, D. G., Maltby, J. & Wood, A.M. (2011). Exploring the tripartite model of authenticity within Gray’s approach and inhibition systems and Cloninger’s bio-social model of personality. Personality and Individual Differences, 51, 194–197. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2011.03.040 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2011.03.040

Pinto, D. G., Maltby, J., Wood, A. M., & Day, L. (2012). A behavioral test of Horney’s linkage between authenticity and aggression: People living authentically are less-likely to respond aggressively in unfair situations. Personality and Individual Differences, 52(1), 41–44. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2011.08.023 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2011.08.023

Ranđelović, K. (2016). Efekti socijalne pretnje i tipa povratne informacije na kognitivne pristrasnosti i socijalnu anksioznost [The effects of social threat and type of feedback on cognitive biases and social anxiety]. Doctoral dissertation, University of Novi Sad. https://nardus.mpn.gov.rs/handle/123456789/6583

Ranđelović, K., Smederevac, S., Čolović, P., & Corr, P. J. (2018). Fear and Anxiety in Social Setting: An Experimental Study. Journal of Individual Differences, 39, 61–75. https://doi.org/10.1027/1614-0001/a000251 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1027/1614-0001/a000251

Rivera, G. N., Christy, A. G., Kim, J., Vess, M., Hicks, J. A., & Schlegel, R. J. (2019). Understanding the relationship between perceived authenticity and well-being. Review of General Psychology, 23, 113–126. https://doi.org/10.1037/gpr0000161 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/gpr0000161

Rogers, C. R. (1961). On becoming a person: A therapist’s view of psychotherapy. London: Constable.

Sedikides, C., Slabu, L., Lenton, A., & Thomaes, S. (2017). State authenticity. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 26(6), 521–525. https://doi.org/10.1177/0963721417713296 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0963721417713296

Seto, E., & Schlegel, R. J. (2018). Becoming your true self: Perceptions of authenticity across the lifespan. Self and Identity, 17(3), 310–326. https://doi.org/10.1080/15298868.2017.1322530 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/15298868.2017.1322530

Sheldon, K. M. (2004). Integrity (honesty/authenticity). In C. Peterson & M. E. P. Seligman (Eds.), Character strengths and virtues (pp. 249–272). New York: Oxford University Press.

Smederevac, S., Čolović, P. i Mitrović, D. (2009). Procena osetljivosti na potkrepljenje [Assessment of sensitivity to reinforcement]. U Biro, M., Smederevac, S. i Novović, Z. (ured.), Procena psiholoških i pishopatoloških fenomena (str. 89–100). Beograd: Centar za primenjenu psihologiju.

Smederevac, S., Mitrović, D., Čolović, P., & Nikolašević, Ž. (2014). Validation of the measure of revised reinforcement sensitivity. Journal of Individual Differences, 35(1), 12–21. https://doi.org/10.1027/1614-0001/a000121 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1027/1614-0001/a000121

Smillie, L. D., Pickering, A. D., & Jackson, C. J. (2006). The new reinforcement sensitivity theory: Implications for personality measurement. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 10, 320–335. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327957pspr1004_3. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327957pspr1004_3

Smits, D. J., & Kuppens, P. (2005). The relations between anger, coping with anger, and aggression, and the BIS/BAS system. Personality and Individual differences, 39(4), 783–793. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2005.02.023 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2005.02.023

Thomaes, S., Sedikides, C., van den Bos, N., Hutteman, R., & Reijntjes, A. (2017). Happy to be ‘‘me?” Authenticity, psychological need satisfaction, and subjective well-being in adolescence. Child Development, 88, 1045–1056. https://doi.org/10.1111/cdev.12867 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/cdev.12867

Thomas, S. P. (2002). Age differences in anger frequency, intensity, and expression. Journal of the American Psychiatric Nurses Association, 8(2), 44–50. https://doi.org/10.1067/mpn.2002.124412 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1067/mpn.2002.124412

Uzun, G. Ö. (2018). Vengeance scale: reliability and validity study with gender differences. Quality and Quantity, 52(Suppl 2), 1455–1469. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11135-018-0726-5 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11135-018-0726-5

Winnicott, D. W. (1965). The maturational processes and the facilitating environment. New York: International Universities Press.

Wood, A. M., Linley, P. A., Maltby, J., Baliousis, M., & Joseph, S. (2008). The authentic personality: A theoretical and empirical conceptualization and the development of the Authenticity Scale. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 55(3), 385–399. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-0167.55.3.385 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-0167.55.3.385

Wu, A. D., & Zumbo, B. D. (2008). Understanding and using mediators and moderators. Social indicators research, 87, 367–392. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11205-007-9143-1 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11205-007-9143-1

Yalom, I. D. (1980). Existential psychotherapy. New York: Basic Books.