Tradiocionalna i računarski podržana procena egzekutivnih funkcija
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.19090/pp.v18i1.2601Ključne reči:
Računarski podržani testovi, egzekutivne funkcije, psihometrijska svojstva, kognitivna fleksibilnost, inhibicijaApstrakt
Cilj ovog istraživanja bio je da proceni psihometrijska svojstva novokonstruisanih računarski zasnovanih zadataka za merenje egzekutivnih funkcija (EF) kod zdravih odraslih, s fokusom na proveru njihove interne konzistentnosti i konstruktne validnosti. Istražena su dva ključna domena EF – inhibicija i mentalno prebacivanje (fleksibilnost) – koristeći računarski zasnovane zadatke, kao i tradicionalne papirno-olovka testove (Viskonsin test sortiranja kartiva - WCST, Test pravljenja traga- TMT, Test verbalne fluentnosti, Progresivne matrice za napredne - APM). Uzorak je obuhvatio 468 učesnika (70,7% žena, prosečan uzrast 24,06 godina). Statističke analize (korelacije, ICC, modeli sa mešovitim efektima) sprovedene su kako bi se ispitala povezanost između računarskih i tradicionalnih mera EF, kao i njihova pouzdanost. Rezultati su pokazali slabe do umerene korelacije između računarskih zadataka i tradicionalnih testova, što ukazuje na postojanje sličnosti u merenju ključnih kognitivnih funkcija. Konkretno, zadatak za procenu mentalnog prebacivanja/fleksibilnosti pokazao je značajne korelacije sa obe komponente TMT-a i WCST-a. Auditivno-vizuelni Go/No-Go zadatak bio je značajno povezan sa TMT-om i Ravenovim APM-om, što sugeriše zajedničke kognitivne procese povezane sa inhibicijom, kognitivnom fleksibilnošću i brzinom obrade. Računarski zadaci su pokazali umerenu do dobru pouzdanost, naročito u merama vremena reakcije, dok su stope grešaka pokazale slabiju pouzdanost zbog povećane varijabilnosti odgovora. Zaključeno je da su računarski testovi korisni za merenje egzekutivnih funkcija, ali da je potrebno dalje validiranje, razvoj standardizovanih normi i optimizacija ovih alata kako bi se rešili potencijalni izazovi u evaluaciji. Buduća istraživanja trebalo bi da se fokusiraju na integraciju ovih alata u postojeće baterije kognitivnih procena, s ciljem preciznijeg merenja egzekutivnih funkcija u različitim populacijama i kliničkim kontekstima.
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