Psihološko blagostanje kod studenata u samoizolaciji tokom pandemije COVID-19
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.19090/pp.20.4.427-447Ključne reči:
COVID-19, psihološko balgostanje, samoizolacija, teorije zavere, zaštitni faktoriApstrakt
Pandemija COVID-19 rezultirala je merama zaključavanja koje je izrekla vlada Severne Makedonije, poznato je da uslovi samoizolacije imaju direktne efekte na mentalno zdravlje. Cilj ovog istraživanja bio je usmeren na ispitivanje potencijalnih zaštitne faktore psihološkog blagostanja kod studenata u samoizolaciji. Ukupno 510 studenata sa najvećeg univerziteta u zemlji (70% ženskog pola, Mstarost = 21.12 godina, SD = 1.58) odgovorilo je na strukturirani onlajn upitnik, mesec dana nakon zaključavanja zemlje. Analiza višestruke linearne regresije izvršena je na pretpostavljenim zaštitnim faktorima blagostanja. Rezultati su pokazali da su značajni prediktori psihološkog blagostanja u uslovima izolacije: percipirana socijalna podrška tokom samoizolacije, samostalno bavljenje fizičkim aktivnostima, percepcija adekvatne informisanosti o virusu i načinima zaštite, kao i tendencija ka zastupanju teorija zavere o virusu i pandemiji. Percepcija medicinskih mera preporučenih od strane vlade, te ograničenje kretanja, zajedno sa aktivnostima čitanja/gledanja filmova, nisu bili značajni prediktori. Suočeni sa očekivanim daljim poteškoćama sa pandemijom, kreatori politike i naučna zajednica treba da razviju dobro osmišljene strategije, prilagođene različitim grupama, kako bi pružili odgovarajuću podršku ljudima da se izbore sa pandemijom i da na adekvatan način razumeju potrebne medicinske mere, restrikcije i sve važne informacije o virusu i pandemiji, u cilju smanjenja efekata teorija zavere koje bi mogle da podrivaju poverenje u zdravstveni sistem.
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Bierwiaczonek, K., Kunst, J. R., & Pich, O. (2020). Belief in COVID-19 Conspiracy Theories Reduces Social Distancing over Time. Applied Psychology: Health and Well-being (online first). https://doi.org/10.1111/aphw.12223
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Butler, J., & Kern, M. L. (2016). The PERMA-Profiler: A brief multidimensional measure of flourishing. International Journal of Wellbeing, 6(3), 1–48. https://doi:10.5502/ijw.v6i3.526
Cao, W., Fang, Z., Hou, G., Han, M., Xu, X., Dong, J., & Zheng, J. (2020). The psychological impact of the COVID-19 epidemic on college students in China. Psychiatry Research, 287, 112934. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2020.112934
Chen, X., Zhang, S. X., Jahanshahi, A. A., Alvarez-Risco, A., Dai, H., Li, J., & Ibarra, V. G. (2020). Belief in a COVID-19 Conspiracy Theory as a Predictor of Mental Health and Well-Being of Health Care Workers in Ecuador: Cross-Sectional Survey Study. JMIR Public Health and Surveillance, 6(3), e20737. https://doi:10.2196/20737
Church, A. T., Marcia S., Katigbak, M. S, Locke, K. D., Zhang, H., Shen, J. Jesús Vargas-Flores, J. de J., Ibáñez-Reyes, J. Tanaka-Matsumi, J. Curtis, G. J., Cabrera, H. F., Mastor, K. A., Alvarez, J. M, Ortiz, F. A., Simon, J. R., & Ching, C. M. (2013). Need satisfaction and well-being: Testing self-determination theory in eight cultures. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 44, 4, 507–534. https://doi:10.1177/0022022112466590
Deci, E. L., & Ryan R. M. (2000). The “what” and “why” of goal pursuits: Human needs and the self-determination of behavior. Psychological Inquiry, 11(4), 227–268. http://dx.doi.org/10.1207/S15327965PLI1104_01
Desclaux, A., Badji, D., Ndione, A. G., & Sow, K. (2017). Accepted monitoring or endured quarantine? Ebola contacts’ perceptions in Senegal. Social Sciences & Medicine, 178, 38–45. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2017.02.009
Diener, E., Pressman, S. D., Hunter, J., & Delgadillo‐Chase, D. (2017). If, why, and when subjective well‐being influences health, and future needed research. Applied Psychology: Health and Well-Being, 9(2), 133–167. https://doi.org/10.1111/aphw.12090
Douglas, K. M., Sutton, R. M. (2018). Why conspiracy theories matter: A social psychological analysis, European Review of Social Psychology, 29(1), 256–298, https://doi.org/10.1080/10463283.2018.1537428
Douglas, K. M., Sutton, R. M., Jolley, D., & Wood, M. J. (2015). The social, political, environmental, and health-related consequences of conspiracy theories: Problems and potential solutions. In M. Bilewicz, A., Cichocka, & W. Soral (Eds.), The psychology of conspiracy (pp. 183–200). Routledge/Taylor & Francis Group.
Elmer, T., Mepham, K., & Stadtfeld, C. (2020) Students under lockdown: Comparisons of students’ social networks and mental health before and during the COVID-19 crisis in Switzerland. PLoS ONE, 15(7), e0236337. https://doi.org/ 10.1371/journal.pone.0236337
Goertzel, T. (1994). Belief in conspiracy theories. Political Psychology, 15, 733–744. https://doi.org/10.2307/3791630
Grzesiak-Feldman, M. (2013). The effect of high-anxiety situations on conspiracy thinking. Current Psychology: A Journal for Diverse Perspectives on Diverse Psychological Issues, 32(1), 100–118. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-013-9165-6
Groh, D. (1987). The temptation of conspiracy theory, or: Why do bad things happen to good people? Part II: Case studies. In C. F. Graumann & S. Moscovici (Eds.), Changing conceptions of conspiracy (pp. 15–37). Springer.
Hofstadter, R. (1966). The paranoid style in American politics. In R. Hofstadter (Ed.), The paranoid style in American politics and other essays (pp. 3–40). Knopf.
Jolley, D., Mari, S., & Douglas, K. M. (2020). Consequences of Conspiracy Theories. In M. Butter, & P. Knight (Eds.), Routledge Handbook of Conspiracy Theories, 1 ed. (pp. 231–241). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780429452734-2_7
Jolley, D., & Paterson, J. L. (2020). Pylons ablaze: Examining the role of 5G COVID‐19 conspiracy beliefs and support for violence. British Journal of Social Psychology, 59(3), 628–640. doi:10.1111/bjso.12394
Kecojevic, A., Basch, C. H., Sullivan, M., & Davi, N. K. (2020). The impact of the COVID-19 epidemic on mental health of undergraduate students in New Jersey, cross-sectional study. PLoS ONE, 15(9), e0239696. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0239696
Kofta, M., & Sędek, G. (2005). Conspiracy stereotypes of Jews during systemic transformation in Poland. International Journal of Sociology, 35, 40–64. https://doi.org/10.1080/00207659.2005.11043142
Lades, L.K., Laffan, K., Michael Daly, M., & Delaney, L. (2020). Daily emotional well-being during the COVID-19 pandemic, University College Dublin: PublicPolicy.ie http://publicpolicy.ie/papers/daily-emotional-well-being-during-the-COVID-19-pandemic
Lantian, A., Wood, M., & Gjoneska, B. (2020). Personality traits, cognitive styles and worldviews associated with beliefs in conspiracy theories. In M. Butter & P. Knight (Eds.), Routledge Handbook of Conspiracy Theories (pp. 155–167). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780429452734
Lauri Korajlija, A., & Jokic-Begic, N. (2020). COVID-19: Concerns and behaviours in Croatia. British Journal of Health Psychology (online first). https://doi.org/10.1111/bjhp.12425
Leman, P. (2007). The born conspiracy. New Scientist (1971), 195, 35–37. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0262-4079(07)61774-6
Liang, S.-W., Chen, R.-N., Liu, L.-L., Li, X.-G., Chen, J.-B., Tang, S.-Y., & Zhao, J.-B. (2020). The Psychological Impact of the COVID-19 Epidemic on Guangdong College Students: The Difference Between Seeking and Not Seeking Psychological Help. Frontiers in Psychology, 11, 2231. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.02231
Li, H. Y., Cao, H., Leung, D. Y. P., & Mak, Y. W. (2020). The Psychological Impacts of a COVID-19 Outbreak on College Students in China: A Longitudinal Study. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17, 3933. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17113933
Lyubomirsky, S., Sheldon, K. M., & Schkade, D. (2005). Pursuing happiness: The architecture of sustainable change. Review of General Psychology, 9, 111–131. https://doi.org/10.1037/1089-2680.9.2.111
Main, A., Zhou, Q., Ma, Y., Luecken, L. J., & Liu, X. (2011). Relations of SARS-related stressors and coping to Chinese college students' psychological adjustment during the 2003 Beijing SARS epidemic. Journal of Counselling Psychology, 58(3), 410–423.
https://doi.org/10.1037/a0023632
Moscovici, S. (1987). The conspiracy mentality. In C. F. Graumann & S. Moscovici (Eds.), Changing conceptions of conspiracy (pp. 151–169). Springer.
Reavley, N. J., Cvetkovski, S., & Jorm, A.F. (2011). Sources of information about mental health and links to help seeking: findings from the 2007 Australian National Survey of Mental Health and Wellbeing. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 46, 1267–1274. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00127-010-0301-4
Reis, H. T., Sheldon, K. M., Gable, S. L., Roscoe, J., & Ryan, R. M. (2000). Daily well-being: The role of autonomy, competence, and relatedness. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 26(4), 419–435. https://doi.org/10.1177/0146167200266002
Reynolds, D. L., Garay, J. R., Deamond, S. L., Moran, M. K., Gold, W., & Styra, R. (2008). Understanding, compliance and psychological impact of the SARS quarantine experience. Epidemiolоgy and Infection, 136, 997–1007. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0950268807009156
Robinson, D. N. (1989). Aristotle's Psychology. Columbia University Press.
Rossi, R., Socci, V., Talevi, D., Mensi, S., Niolu, C., Pacitti, F., … Di Lorenzo, G. (2020). COVID-19 Pandemic and Lockdown Measures Impact on Mental Health Among the General Population in Italy. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 11, 790. doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.04.09.20057802
Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2017). Self-determination theory: Basic psychological needs in motivation, development, and wellness. The Guilford Press.
Qiu, J., Shen, B., Zhao, M,. Wang, Z., Xie, B., & Xu, Y. (2020). A nationwide survey of psychological distress among Chinese people in the COVID-19 epidemic: implications and policy recommendations. General Psychiatry, 33, e100213. https://doi:10.1136/gpsych-2020-100213
Seligman, M. E. P., & Csikszentmihalyi, M. (2000). Positive psychology: An introduction. American Psychologist, 55, 5–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.55.1.5
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