Nerealistični optimizam i dimenzije HEXACO modela ličnosti kao prediktori percepcije rizika i poštovanja preventivnih mera tokom prvog talasa pandemije
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.19090/pp.20.4.405-425Ključne reči:
COVID-19, HEXACO, nerealistični optimizam, percepcija rizika, poštovanje zaštitnih meraApstrakt
Ciljevi ovog istraživanja bili su ispitivanje potencijalnih razlika i faktora koji doprinose percepciji rizika i poštovanju preventivnih mera na početku (T1) i na kraju (T2) prvog talasa pandemije COVID-19. U istraživanju je učestvovalo 423 ispitanika (M = 30.29, SD = 14.45; 69% ženskog pola). Poštovanje mera, percepcija rizika i poverenje u informacije bili su značajno viši u T1 u poređenju sa T2. Značajni prediktori percepcije rizika u T1 i T2 bili su Emocionalnost (HEXACO-PI-R) i Nerealistički optimizam (NLE – Negativni životni događaji). Poverenje u informacije je bilo značajan prediktor u T1, dok je Nerealistički optimizam (Pozitivni životni događaji) bio značajan prediktor u T2. Kada je u pitanju poštovanje preventivnih mera, značajni prediktori u T1 su bili pol i Poverenje u informacije, dok su i u T1 i u T2 značajni prediktori bili Emocionalnost, Ekstraverzija i Savesnost (HEXACO-PI-R), NLE i Poverenje u informacije. Generalno posmatrano, rezultati ukazuju na to da je uloga osobina ličnosti u razumevanju poštovanja zaštitnih mera, bila važnija na kraju prvog talasa pandemije u odnosu na njen početak. Još jedan od zaključaka jeste da je Nerealistični optimizam (NLE) više izražen kod osoba koje su u manjem stepenu poštovale preporuke u vezi sa zaštitnim merama.
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Duan, T., Jiang, H., Deng, X., Zhang, Q., & Wang, F. (2020). Government intervention, risk perception, and the adoption of protective action recommendations: Evidence from the COVID-19 prevention and control experience of China. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(10), 3387. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17103387
Floyd, D. L., Prentice-Dunn, S., & Rogers, R. W. (2000). A meta-analysis of research on protection motivation theory. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 30, 407–429. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1559-1816.2000.tb02323.x
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Huang, Y., & Zhao, N. (2020). Generalized anxiety disorder, depressive symptoms and sleep quality during COVID-19 outbreak in China: a web-based cross-sectional survey. Psychiatry research, 288, 112954. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2020.112954
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Jang, W. M., Kim, U. N., Jang, D. H., Jung, H., Cho, S., Eun, S. J., & Lee, J. Y. (2020). Influence of trust on two different risk perceptions as an affective and cognitive dimension during middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) outbreak in South Korea: serial cross-sectional surveys. BMJ Open 10(3), e033026. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2019-033026
Lee, K., & Ashton, M. C. (2018). Psychometric Properties of the HEXACO-100. Assessment, 25(5), 543–556. https://doi.org/10.1177/1073191116659134
Li, H. Y., Cao, H., Leung, D. Y., & Mak, Y. W. (2020). The psychological impacts of a COVID-19 outbreak on college students in China: A longitudinal study. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17, 3933. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17113933
Lippold, J. V., Laske, J. I., Hogeterp, S. A., Duke, É., Grünhage, T., & Reuter, M. (2020). The role of personality, political attitudes and socio-demographic characteristics in explaining individual differences in fear of coronavirus: A comparison over time and across countries. Frontiers in Psychology, 11. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.552305
Međedović, J., Čolović, P., Dinić, B. M., & Smederevac, S. (2019). The HEXACO personality inventory: Validation and psychometric properties in the Serbian language. Journal of Personality Assessment, 101(1), 25–31. https://doi.org/10.1080/00223891.2017.1370426
Monzani, D., Gorini, A., Mazzoni, D., & Pravettoni, G. (2021). Brief report - “Every little thing gonna be alright” (at least for me): Dispositional optimists display higher optimistic bias for infection during the Italian COVID-19 outbreak. Personality and Individual Differences, 168, 110388. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2020.110388
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Sadiković, S., Branovački, B., Oljača, M., Mitrović, D., Pajić, D., & Smederevac, S. (2020). Daily monitoring of emotional responses to the coronavirus pandemic in Serbia: A citizen science approach. Frontiers in Psychology, 11. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.02133
Saucier, G., & Goldberg, L. R. (1998). What is beyond the Big Five? Journal of Personality, 66, 495–524. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-6494.00022
Shepperd, J. A., Pogge, G., & Howell, J. L. (2017). Assessing the consequences of unrealistic optimism: Challenges and recommendations. Consciousness and Cognition, 50, 69–78. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.concog.2016.07.004
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Tabachnick, B. G., & Fidell, L. S. (2013). Using multivariate statistics, 6th ed. Pearson.
Taylor, S. (2019). The Psychology of Pandemics: Preparing for the Next Global Outbreak of Infectious Disease. Cambridge Scholars Publishing.
Van Eck, N. J., & Waltman, L. (2010). Software survey: VOSviewer, a computer program for bibliometric mapping. Scientometrics, 84(2), 523–538. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11192-009-0146-3
Volk, A. A., Brazil, K. J., Franklin-Luther, P., Dane, A. V., & Vaillancourt, T. (2021). The influence of demographics and personality on COVID-19 coping in young adults. Personality and Individual Differences, 168, 110398. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2020.110398
Wang, C., Pan, R., Wan, X., Tan, Y., Xu, L., Ho, C. S., & Ho, R. C. (2020). Immediate psychological responses and associated factors during the initial stage of the 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) epidemic among the general population in China. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(5), 1729. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17051729
Weinstein, N. D. (1980). Unrealistic optimism about future life events. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 39, 806–820. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.39.5.806
Weinstein, N. D. (1989). Optimistic biases about personal risks. Science, 246, 1232–1233. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.2686031
Zajenkowski, M., Jonason, P. K., Leniarska, M., & Kozakiewicz, Z. (2020). Who complies with the restrictions to reduce the spread of COVID-19? Personality and perceptions of the COVID-19 situation. Personality and Individual Differences, 166, 110199. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2020.110199
Zettler, I., Thielmann, I., Hilbig, B. E., & Moshagen, M. (2020). The nomological net of the HEXACO model of personality: A large-scale meta-analytic investigation. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 15(3), 723–760. https://doi.org/10.1177/1745691619895036
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Ashton, M. C., & Lee, K. (2008). The HEXACO model of personality structure and the importance of the H factor. Social and Personality Psychology Compass, 2(5), 1952–1962. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-9004.2008.00134.x
Bacon, A. M., & Corr, P. J. (2020). Coronavirus (COVID‐19) in the United Kingdom: A personality‐based perspective on concerns and intention to self‐isolate. British Journal of Health Psychology, 25(4), 839–848. https://doi.org/10.1111/bjhp.12423.
Bogg, T., & Roberts, B. W. (2004). Conscientiousness and health-related behaviors: A meta-analysis of the leading behavioral contributors to mortality. Psychological Bulletin, 130, 887–919. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.130.6.887
Bonanno, G. A. (2004). Loss, trauma, and human resilience: Have we underestimated the human capacity to thrive after extremely aversive events? American Psychologist, 59(1), 20–28. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066x.59.1.20
Bottemanne, H., Morlaàs, O., Fossati, P., & Schmidt, L. (2020). Does the Coronavirus Epidemic Take Advantage of Human Optimism Bias? Frontiers in Psychology, 11. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.02001
Brooks, S. K., Webster, R. K., Smith, L. E., Woodland, L., Wessely, S., Greenberg, N., & Rubin, G. J. (2020). The psychological impact of quarantine and how to reduce it: rapid review of the evidence. The Lancet, 395 (10227), 912–920. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30460-8
Brouard, S., Vasilopoulos, P., & Becher, M. (2020). Sociodemographic and Psychological Correlates of Compliance with the COVID-19 Public Health Measures in France. Canadian Journal of Political Science, 53(2), 253–258. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0008423920000335
Bruine de Bruin, W. (2020). Age differences in COVID-19 risk perceptions and mental health: Evidence from a national US survey conducted in March 2020. The Journals of Gerontology: Series B., 20, 1–6. https://doi.org/10.1093/geronb/gbaa074
Carvalho, L. D. F., Pianowski, G., & Gonçalves, A. P. (2020). Personality differences and COVID-19: are extraversion and conscientiousness personality traits associated with engagement with containment measures? Trends in Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, 42(2), 179–184. https://doi.org/10.1590/2237-6089-2020-0029
Chambers, J. R., Windschitl, P. D., & Suls, J. (2003). Egocentrism, event frequency, and comparative optimism: When what happens frequently is “more likely to happen to me”. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 29(11), 1343–1356. https://doi.org/10.1037/e633872013-190
Chen, B., Sun, J., & Feng, Y. (2020). How have COVID-19 isolation policies affected young people’s mental health? – Evidence from Chinese college students. Frontiers in Psychology, 11. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.01529
Cohen, J. (1977). The Concepts of Power Analysis. Statistical Power Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences, 1–17. https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-179060-8.50006-2
Čolović, P., Mitrović, D. i Smederevac, S. (2010). Procena nerealističkog optimizma [An assessment of unrealistic optimism]. In M. Biro, S. Smederevac, & Z. Novović (Eds.) Procena psiholoških i psihopatoloških fenomena [Assessment of psychological and psychopathological phenomena] (pp. 101–110). Centar za primenjenu psihologiju.
Costa, P. T. Jr., & McCrae, R. R. (1992). Revised NEO Personality Inventory (NEO-PI-R) and NEO Five-Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI) professional manual. Psychological Assessment Resources.
Cowling, B. J., Ng, D. M., Ip, D. K., Liao, Q., Lam, W. W., Wu, J. T., Lau, J. F. T., Griffiths, S. M., & Fielding, R. (2010). Community psychological and behavioural responses through the first wave of the 2009 influenza A(H1N1) pandemic in Hong Kong. The Journal of Infectious Diseases, 202, 867–876. https://doi.org/10.1086/655811
Dolinski, D., Dolinska, B., Zmaczyńska-Witek, B., Banach, M., & Kulesza, W. (2020). Unrealistic Optimism in the Time of Coronavirus Pandemic: May It Help to Kill, If So—Whom: Disease or the Person? Journal of Clinical Medicine, 9, 1464. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm9051464
Duan, T., Jiang, H., Deng, X., Zhang, Q., & Wang, F. (2020). Government intervention, risk perception, and the adoption of protective action recommendations: Evidence from the COVID-19 prevention and control experience of China. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(10), 3387. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17103387
Floyd, D. L., Prentice-Dunn, S., & Rogers, R. W. (2000). A meta-analysis of research on protection motivation theory. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 30, 407–429. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1559-1816.2000.tb02323.x
Gao, J., Zheng, P., Jia, Y., Chen, H., Mao, Y., Chen, S., Wang, Y., Fu, H., & & Dai, J. (2020). Mental health problems and social media exposure during COVID-19 outbreak. PLoS ONE, 15(4), e0231924. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0231924
Gaygisiz, U., Gaygisiz, E., Ozkan, T., & Lajunen, T. (2012). Individual differences in behavioral reactions to H1N1 during a later stage of the epidemic. Journal of Infection and Public Health, 5, 9–21. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jiph.2011.09.008
Henrich, J., Heine, S. J., & Norenzayan, A. (2010). Most people are not WEIRD. Nature, 466(7302), 29–29. https://doi.org/10.1038/466029a
Huang, Y., & Zhao, N. (2020). Generalized anxiety disorder, depressive symptoms and sleep quality during COVID-19 outbreak in China: a web-based cross-sectional survey. Psychiatry research, 288, 112954. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2020.112954
IBM Corp. (2012). IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 21.0. IBM Corp.
Ingledew, D. K., & Brunning, S. (1999). Personality, Preventive Health Behaviour and Comparative Optimism about Health Problems. Journal of Health Psychology, 4, 193–208. https://doi.org/10.1177/135910539900400213
Jang, W. M., Kim, U. N., Jang, D. H., Jung, H., Cho, S., Eun, S. J., & Lee, J. Y. (2020). Influence of trust on two different risk perceptions as an affective and cognitive dimension during middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) outbreak in South Korea: serial cross-sectional surveys. BMJ Open 10(3), e033026. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2019-033026
Lee, K., & Ashton, M. C. (2018). Psychometric Properties of the HEXACO-100. Assessment, 25(5), 543–556. https://doi.org/10.1177/1073191116659134
Li, H. Y., Cao, H., Leung, D. Y., & Mak, Y. W. (2020). The psychological impacts of a COVID-19 outbreak on college students in China: A longitudinal study. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17, 3933. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17113933
Lippold, J. V., Laske, J. I., Hogeterp, S. A., Duke, É., Grünhage, T., & Reuter, M. (2020). The role of personality, political attitudes and socio-demographic characteristics in explaining individual differences in fear of coronavirus: A comparison over time and across countries. Frontiers in Psychology, 11. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.552305
Međedović, J., Čolović, P., Dinić, B. M., & Smederevac, S. (2019). The HEXACO personality inventory: Validation and psychometric properties in the Serbian language. Journal of Personality Assessment, 101(1), 25–31. https://doi.org/10.1080/00223891.2017.1370426
Monzani, D., Gorini, A., Mazzoni, D., & Pravettoni, G. (2021). Brief report - “Every little thing gonna be alright” (at least for me): Dispositional optimists display higher optimistic bias for infection during the Italian COVID-19 outbreak. Personality and Individual Differences, 168, 110388. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2020.110388
Pagnini, F., Bonanomi, A., Tagliabue, S., Balconi, M., Bertolotti, M., Confalonieri, E., Di Dio, C., Gilli, G., Graffigna, G., Regalia, C., Saita, E., & Villani, D. (2020). Knowledge, Concerns, and Behaviors of Individuals During the First Week of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic in Italy. JAMA Network Open, 3(7). https://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.15821
Sadiković, S., Branovački, B., Oljača, M., Mitrović, D., Pajić, D., & Smederevac, S. (2020). Daily monitoring of emotional responses to the coronavirus pandemic in Serbia: A citizen science approach. Frontiers in Psychology, 11. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.02133
Saucier, G., & Goldberg, L. R. (1998). What is beyond the Big Five? Journal of Personality, 66, 495–524. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-6494.00022
Shepperd, J. A., Pogge, G., & Howell, J. L. (2017). Assessing the consequences of unrealistic optimism: Challenges and recommendations. Consciousness and Cognition, 50, 69–78. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.concog.2016.07.004
Sweeny, K., Carroll, P. J., & Shepperd, J. A. (2006). Thinking about the future: is optimism always best? Current Directions in Psychological Science, 15, 302–306. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8721.2006.00457.x
Tabachnick, B. G., & Fidell, L. S. (2013). Using multivariate statistics, 6th ed. Pearson.
Taylor, S. (2019). The Psychology of Pandemics: Preparing for the Next Global Outbreak of Infectious Disease. Cambridge Scholars Publishing.
Van Eck, N. J., & Waltman, L. (2010). Software survey: VOSviewer, a computer program for bibliometric mapping. Scientometrics, 84(2), 523–538. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11192-009-0146-3
Volk, A. A., Brazil, K. J., Franklin-Luther, P., Dane, A. V., & Vaillancourt, T. (2021). The influence of demographics and personality on COVID-19 coping in young adults. Personality and Individual Differences, 168, 110398. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2020.110398
Wang, C., Pan, R., Wan, X., Tan, Y., Xu, L., Ho, C. S., & Ho, R. C. (2020). Immediate psychological responses and associated factors during the initial stage of the 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) epidemic among the general population in China. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(5), 1729. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17051729
Weinstein, N. D. (1980). Unrealistic optimism about future life events. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 39, 806–820. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.39.5.806
Weinstein, N. D. (1989). Optimistic biases about personal risks. Science, 246, 1232–1233. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.2686031
Zajenkowski, M., Jonason, P. K., Leniarska, M., & Kozakiewicz, Z. (2020). Who complies with the restrictions to reduce the spread of COVID-19? Personality and perceptions of the COVID-19 situation. Personality and Individual Differences, 166, 110199. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2020.110199
Zettler, I., Thielmann, I., Hilbig, B. E., & Moshagen, M. (2020). The nomological net of the HEXACO model of personality: A large-scale meta-analytic investigation. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 15(3), 723–760. https://doi.org/10.1177/1745691619895036
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Oljača, M., Sadiković, S., Branovački, B., Pajić, D., Smederevac, S., & Mitrović, D. Nerealistični optimizam i dimenzije HEXACO modela ličnosti kao prediktori percepcije rizika i poštovanja preventivnih mera tokom prvog talasa pandemije. Primenjena Psihologija, 13(4), 405–425. https://doi.org/10.19090/pp.20.4.405-425
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