MORALNA DISONANCA NA RADU I PSIHOFIZIČKO ZDRAVLJE ZAPOSLENIH
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.19090/pp.2020.3.311-332Ključne reči:
etička disonanca, korupcija, psihofizičko zdravlje, radna etika, zaposleniApstrakt
Cilj ovog istraživanja bio je utvrditi učestalost javljanja moralne disonance na radnom mestu kao i njene moguće posledice po psiho-fizičko zdravlje kod uposlenika. Etička disonanca definisana je kao stanje nastalo usled nesklada odluke ili akcije uposlenika i etičkih standarda važećih u organizaciji, pre svega, stanja izazvanog usled neetičnih zahteva postavljenih uposleniku od strane menadžmenta. Na uzorku od 311 uposlenika oba pola, zaposlenih u privatnom i javnom vladinom sektoru (56.7% u javnom vladinom sektoru), različitog obrazovnog nivoa, različite starosti i radnog staža, primenjene su mere psiho-fizičkog zdravlja, mere učestalosti etičke disonance na radu i upitnik demografskih karakteristika. Rezultati pokazuju da od 311 ispitanika njih 72% izveštava da je u poslednjih godinu dana barem jednom bilo u stanju etičke disonance, tako da su analize relacija merenih konstrukata sprovedene na ovih 224 uposlenika. Faktorizacijom upitnika SUED2R nađeno je da se mere etičke disonance, prema vrsti neetičnog zahteva, razvrstavaju u tri indikatora: laganje u korist organizacije, uznemiravanje drugih i podržavanje pogrešnih ljudi. Utvrđeno je da je učestalost etičke disonance značajno veća u privatnom nego u državnom sektoru, da povećana učestalost disonance na radu (posebno pritiska da se uznemiravaju drugi) kovarira sa povećanom učestalošću simptoma poremećaja svih merenih aspekata zdravlja. Zaključeno je da pritisak ka neetičnom (koruptivnom) ponašanju i nerazvijenost mehanizama zaštite od takvog pritiska u organizacijama verovatno doprinose narušavanju psiho-fizičkog zdravlja uposlenika. Značaj ovog istraživanja je u tome što je, po prvi put, jasno utvrđeno da je pritisak ka koruptivnom ponašanju povezan sa zdravljem uposlenika.
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