SOCIJALNA PODRŠKA I STRES POVODOM NEPLODNOSTI : ZNAČAJNOST RAZLIČITIH IZVORA PODRŠKE
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.19090/pp.2020.2.169-189Ključne reči:
neplodnost, partner, porodica, prijatelji, socijalna podrškaApstrakt
Rezultati ranije sprovođenih istraživanja ukazuju na značaj socijalne podrške za kvalitet života pojedinca. Socijalna podrška izdvaja se kao jedan od najvažnijih protektivnih faktora u procesu suočavanja sa brojnim životnim krizama, od kojih je jedna i neplodnost. U cilju ispitivanja značajnosti dobijene socijalne podrške od strane prijatelja, porodice i značajne osobe u percepciji stresa povodom neplodnosti, ispitano je 312 žena, starosti od 21 do 48 godina, koje se suočavaju sa neplodnošću. Na ispitanicama je primenjena Multidimenzionalna skala percipirane socijalne podrške i Upitnik problema sa plodnošću. Ispitanice socijalnu podršku koju primaju od najbližijih procenjuju veoma zastupljenom, pri čemu se pokazalo da ispitanice najviše zastupljenom procenjuju podršku od značajne osobe, zatim porodice i na kraju prijatelja. Uzimajući u obzir dužinu suočavanja sa problemom, odnosno grupu u kojoj se ispitanice nalaze, dobijene su značajne razlike u percepciji podrške od strane porodice i prijatelja, ali ne i partnera. Nadalje, bez obrzira na najveću zastupljenost podrške od strane partnera, primenom regresione analize dobijeno je da smanjenju percipiranog stresa povodom neplodnosti u značajnoj meri doprinose podrška od strane prijatelja i porodice, dok se ova vrsta podrške od strane značajne osobe nije pokazala značajnim prediktorom, izuzev u domenu stresa koji se odnosi na partnerski odnos. Dobijeni nalazi ukazuju na značaj edukovanja šire populacije o problemu neplodnosti i načinima pružanja podrške ovim parovima, kao i rad sa pojedincima i parovima na razvijanju strategija za traženje podrške od bliskih ljudi.
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Abraham, A. D. (2019). Perceptions of social support in infertility (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). Chestnut Hill College.
Alesi, R. (2005). Infertility and its treatment: An emotional roller coaster. Australian Family Physician, 34(3), 135–138.
Burns, L. H., & Covington, S. N. (2006). Psychology of infertility. In S. N. Covington & L. H. Burns (Eds.), Infertility counseling: A comprehensive handbook for clinicians (pp. 1–19). The Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511547263.003
Canty-Mitchell, J., & Zimet, G. D. (2000). Psychometric properties of the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support in urban adolescents. American Journal of Community Psychology, 28(3), 391–400. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1005109522457
Chan, C. H. Y., Ng, E. H. Y., Chan, C. L. W., Ho, P. C., & Chan, T. H. Y. (2006). Effectiveness of psychosocial group intervention for reducing anxiety in women undergoing in vitro fertilization: A randomized controlled study. Fertility and Sterility, 85(2), 339–346. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fertnstert.2005.07.1310
Cousineau, T. M., & Domar, A. D. (2007). Psychological impact of infertility. Best Practice & Research Clinical Obstetrics & Gynaecology, 21(2), 293–308. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bpobgyn.2006.12.003
Daly, K. J., & Kerry, J. (1999). Crisis of Genealogy: Facing the Challenges of Infertility. In H. I. McCubbin, E. A. Thompson, A. I. Thompson, & J. Futrell (Eds.), Dynamics of Resilient Families (pp. 1–40). Sage Publications.
Ekinci, F., Tuncel, B., Uzuner, A., Anğın, A. D., Çoşkun, D. M., Sakin, Ö., Çıkman, M. S., & Şimşek, E. E. (2017). An evaluation of the psychosocial status of infertile women. Southern Clinics of Istanbul Eurasia, 28, 4–7. https://doi.org/ 10.14744/scie.2017.83007
Gerrity, D. A. (2001). Five Medical Treatment Stages of Infertility: Implications for Counselors. The Family Journal: Counseling and Therapy for Couples and Families, 9(2), 140–150. https://doi.org/10.1177/1066480701092008
Greil, A. L., Slauson‐Blevins, K., & McQuillan, J. (2010). The experience of infertility: A review of recent literature. Sociology of Health & Illness, 32(1), 140–162. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9566.2009.01213.x
Hinton, L., Kurinczuk, J. J., & Ziebland, S. (2010). Infertility; isolation and the Internet: A qualitative interview study. Patient Education and Counseling, 81(3), 436–441. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pec.2010.09.023
Hjelmstedt, A., Andersson, L., Skoog-Svanberg, A., Bergh, T., Boivin, J., & Collins, A. (1999). Gender differences in psychological reactions to infertility among couples seeking IVF-and ICSI-treatment. Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica, 78(1), 42–49. https://doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-0412.1999.780110.x
Inhorn, M. C. (2000) Missing motherhood: Infertility, technology, and poverty in Egyptian women’s lives. In H. Ragone & F. Widdance-Twine (Eds.), Ideologies and technologies of motherhood (pp. 139–168). Routledge.
Jestrović, J., Mihić, I. i Radovanović, M. (2016). Tranzicija u roditeljstvo: razlike u kvalitetu braka parova koji su začeli prirodnim putem i onih koji su začeli vantelesnom oplodnjom. Godišnjak za psihologiju, 13(15), 55–69.
Jirka, J., Schuett, S., & Foxall, M. J. (1996). Loneliness and social support in infertile couples. Journal of Obstetric, Gynecologic, & Neonatal Nursing, 25(1), 55–60. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1552-6909.1996.tb02513.x
Johnson, K. M., & Johnson, D. R. (2009). Partnered decisions? US couples and medical help‐seeking for infertility. Family Relations, 58(4), 431–444. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-3729.2009.00564.x
Knight, R. G., Chisholm, B. J., Marsh, N. V., & Godfrey, H. P. (1988). Some normative, reliability, and factor analytic data for the revised UCLA Loneliness Scale. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 44(2), 203–206. https://doi.org/10.1002/1097-4679(198803)44:2<203::AID-JCLP2270440218>3.0.CO;2-5
Kričković Pele, K. i Beker, K. (2014). Rodne i društvene kontroverze vantelesne oplodnje u Srbiji - diskriminacija žena koje nisu rađale. Temida, 17(3), 49–68. https://doi.org/10.2298/TEM1403049K
Kroemeke, A., & Kubicka, E. (2018). Positive and negative adjustment in couples undergoing infertility treatment: The impact of support exchange. PloS One, 13(6), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0200124
Leiblum, S. R. (1997). Infertility psychological issues and counseling strategies. Wiley.
Martins, M. V., Peterson, B. D., Almeida, V. M., & Costa, M. E. (2011). Direct and indirect effects of perceived social support on women's infertility-related stress. Human Reproduction, 26(8), 2113–2121. https://doi.org/10.1093/humrep/der157
Martins, M. V., Peterson, B. D., Almeida, V., Mesquita-Guimaraes, J., & Costa, M. E. (2014). Dyadic dynamics of perceived social support in couples facing infertility. Human Reproduction, 29(1), 83–89. https://doi.org/ 10.1093/humrep/det403
Matsubayashi, H., Hosaka, T., Izumi, S., Suzuki, T., Kondo, A., & Makino, T. (2004). Increased depression and anxiety in infertile Japanese women resulting from lack of husband’s support and feelings of stress. General Hospital Psychiatry, 26(5), 398–404. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2004.05.002
Newton, C. R., Sherard, W., & Glavac, I. (1999). The Fertility Problem Inventory: measuring perceived infertility-related stress. Fertility and Sterility, 72(1), 54–62. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0015-0282(99)00164-8
Pasch, L. A., & Christensen, A. (2000). Couples facing fertility problems. In K. B. Schmaling & T. G. Sher (Eds.), The psychology of couples and illness: Theory, research, & practice (pp. 241–267). American Psychological Association. https://doi.org/10.1037/10360-009
Peterson, B. D., Newton, C. R., Rosen, K. H., & Skaggs, G. E. (2006). Gender differences in how men and women who are referred for IVF cope with infertility stress. Human Reproduction, 21(9), 2443–2449. https://doi.org/10.1093/humrep/del145
Peterson, B. D., Pirritano, M., Christensen, U., & Schmidt, L. (2008). The impact of partner coping in couples experiencing infertility. Human Reproduction, 23(5), 1128–1137. https://doi.org/10.1093/humrep/den067
Peterson, B., Boivin, J., Norre, J., Smith, C., Thorn, P., & Wischmann, T. (2012). An introduction to infertility counseling: a guide for mental health and medical professionals. Journal of Assisted Reproduction & Genetics, 29(3), 243–248. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10815-011-9701-y
Saleem, S., Qureshi, N. S., & Mahmood, Z. (2019). Attachment, perceived social support and mental health problems in women with primary infertility. International Journal of Reproduction, Contraception, Obstetrics and Gynecology, 8(6), 2533–2540. https://doi.org/ 10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20192463
Schwarzer, R., & Knoll, N. (2007). Functional roles of social support within the stress and coping process: A theoretical and empirical overview. International Journal of Psychology, 42(4), 243–252. https://doi.org/10.1080/00207590701396641
Slade, P., O'Neill, C., Simpson, A. J., & Lashen, H. (2007). The relationship between perceived stigma, disclosure patterns, support and distress in new attendees at an infertility clinic. Human Reproduction, 22(8), 2309–2317. https://doi.org/10.1093/humrep/dem115
Vassard, D., Lund, R., Pinborg, A., Boivin, J., & Schmidt, L. (2012). The impact of social relations among men and women in fertility treatment on the decision to terminate treatment. Human Reproduction, 27(12), 3502–3512. https://doi.org/10.1093/humrep/des353
Walen, H. R., & Lachman, M. E. (2000). Social support and strain from partner, family, and friends: Costs and benefits for men and women in adulthood. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 17(1), 5–30. https://doi.org/10.1177/0265407500171001
Welbourne, J. L., Blanchard, A. L., & Boughton, M. D. (2009). Supportive communication, sense of virtual community and health outcomes in online infertility groups. Proceedings of the Fourth International Conference on Communities and Technologies, 31–40. https://doi.org/10.1145/1556460.1556466
Woods, N., Olshansky, E., & Draye, M. (1991). Infertility: Women's experiences. Health Care for Women International, 12(2), 179–189. https://doi.org/10.1080/07399339109515939
Ying, L. Y., Wu, L. H., & Loke, A. Y. (2015). Gender differences in experiences with and adjustments to infertility: A literature review. International Journal of Nursing Studies, 52(10), 1640–1652. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2015.05.004
Zegers-Hochschild, F., Adamson, G. D., de Mouzon, J., Ishihara, O., Mansour, R., Nygren, K., Sullivan, E., van der Poel, & WHO. (2009). The International Committee for Monitoring Assisted Reproductive Technology (ICMART) and the World Health Organization (WHO) Revised Glossary on ART Terminology, 2009. Human Reproduction, 24(11), 2683–2687. https://doi.org/10.1093/humrep/dep343
Zimet, G. D., Powell, S. S., Farley, G. K., Werkman, S., & Berkoff, K. A. (1990). Psychometric Characteristics of the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support. Journal of Personality Assessment, 55(3/4), 610–617. https://doi.org/10.1080/00223891.1990.9674095
Alesi, R. (2005). Infertility and its treatment: An emotional roller coaster. Australian Family Physician, 34(3), 135–138.
Burns, L. H., & Covington, S. N. (2006). Psychology of infertility. In S. N. Covington & L. H. Burns (Eds.), Infertility counseling: A comprehensive handbook for clinicians (pp. 1–19). The Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511547263.003
Canty-Mitchell, J., & Zimet, G. D. (2000). Psychometric properties of the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support in urban adolescents. American Journal of Community Psychology, 28(3), 391–400. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1005109522457
Chan, C. H. Y., Ng, E. H. Y., Chan, C. L. W., Ho, P. C., & Chan, T. H. Y. (2006). Effectiveness of psychosocial group intervention for reducing anxiety in women undergoing in vitro fertilization: A randomized controlled study. Fertility and Sterility, 85(2), 339–346. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fertnstert.2005.07.1310
Cousineau, T. M., & Domar, A. D. (2007). Psychological impact of infertility. Best Practice & Research Clinical Obstetrics & Gynaecology, 21(2), 293–308. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bpobgyn.2006.12.003
Daly, K. J., & Kerry, J. (1999). Crisis of Genealogy: Facing the Challenges of Infertility. In H. I. McCubbin, E. A. Thompson, A. I. Thompson, & J. Futrell (Eds.), Dynamics of Resilient Families (pp. 1–40). Sage Publications.
Ekinci, F., Tuncel, B., Uzuner, A., Anğın, A. D., Çoşkun, D. M., Sakin, Ö., Çıkman, M. S., & Şimşek, E. E. (2017). An evaluation of the psychosocial status of infertile women. Southern Clinics of Istanbul Eurasia, 28, 4–7. https://doi.org/ 10.14744/scie.2017.83007
Gerrity, D. A. (2001). Five Medical Treatment Stages of Infertility: Implications for Counselors. The Family Journal: Counseling and Therapy for Couples and Families, 9(2), 140–150. https://doi.org/10.1177/1066480701092008
Greil, A. L., Slauson‐Blevins, K., & McQuillan, J. (2010). The experience of infertility: A review of recent literature. Sociology of Health & Illness, 32(1), 140–162. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9566.2009.01213.x
Hinton, L., Kurinczuk, J. J., & Ziebland, S. (2010). Infertility; isolation and the Internet: A qualitative interview study. Patient Education and Counseling, 81(3), 436–441. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pec.2010.09.023
Hjelmstedt, A., Andersson, L., Skoog-Svanberg, A., Bergh, T., Boivin, J., & Collins, A. (1999). Gender differences in psychological reactions to infertility among couples seeking IVF-and ICSI-treatment. Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica, 78(1), 42–49. https://doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-0412.1999.780110.x
Inhorn, M. C. (2000) Missing motherhood: Infertility, technology, and poverty in Egyptian women’s lives. In H. Ragone & F. Widdance-Twine (Eds.), Ideologies and technologies of motherhood (pp. 139–168). Routledge.
Jestrović, J., Mihić, I. i Radovanović, M. (2016). Tranzicija u roditeljstvo: razlike u kvalitetu braka parova koji su začeli prirodnim putem i onih koji su začeli vantelesnom oplodnjom. Godišnjak za psihologiju, 13(15), 55–69.
Jirka, J., Schuett, S., & Foxall, M. J. (1996). Loneliness and social support in infertile couples. Journal of Obstetric, Gynecologic, & Neonatal Nursing, 25(1), 55–60. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1552-6909.1996.tb02513.x
Johnson, K. M., & Johnson, D. R. (2009). Partnered decisions? US couples and medical help‐seeking for infertility. Family Relations, 58(4), 431–444. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-3729.2009.00564.x
Knight, R. G., Chisholm, B. J., Marsh, N. V., & Godfrey, H. P. (1988). Some normative, reliability, and factor analytic data for the revised UCLA Loneliness Scale. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 44(2), 203–206. https://doi.org/10.1002/1097-4679(198803)44:2<203::AID-JCLP2270440218>3.0.CO;2-5
Kričković Pele, K. i Beker, K. (2014). Rodne i društvene kontroverze vantelesne oplodnje u Srbiji - diskriminacija žena koje nisu rađale. Temida, 17(3), 49–68. https://doi.org/10.2298/TEM1403049K
Kroemeke, A., & Kubicka, E. (2018). Positive and negative adjustment in couples undergoing infertility treatment: The impact of support exchange. PloS One, 13(6), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0200124
Leiblum, S. R. (1997). Infertility psychological issues and counseling strategies. Wiley.
Martins, M. V., Peterson, B. D., Almeida, V. M., & Costa, M. E. (2011). Direct and indirect effects of perceived social support on women's infertility-related stress. Human Reproduction, 26(8), 2113–2121. https://doi.org/10.1093/humrep/der157
Martins, M. V., Peterson, B. D., Almeida, V., Mesquita-Guimaraes, J., & Costa, M. E. (2014). Dyadic dynamics of perceived social support in couples facing infertility. Human Reproduction, 29(1), 83–89. https://doi.org/ 10.1093/humrep/det403
Matsubayashi, H., Hosaka, T., Izumi, S., Suzuki, T., Kondo, A., & Makino, T. (2004). Increased depression and anxiety in infertile Japanese women resulting from lack of husband’s support and feelings of stress. General Hospital Psychiatry, 26(5), 398–404. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2004.05.002
Newton, C. R., Sherard, W., & Glavac, I. (1999). The Fertility Problem Inventory: measuring perceived infertility-related stress. Fertility and Sterility, 72(1), 54–62. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0015-0282(99)00164-8
Pasch, L. A., & Christensen, A. (2000). Couples facing fertility problems. In K. B. Schmaling & T. G. Sher (Eds.), The psychology of couples and illness: Theory, research, & practice (pp. 241–267). American Psychological Association. https://doi.org/10.1037/10360-009
Peterson, B. D., Newton, C. R., Rosen, K. H., & Skaggs, G. E. (2006). Gender differences in how men and women who are referred for IVF cope with infertility stress. Human Reproduction, 21(9), 2443–2449. https://doi.org/10.1093/humrep/del145
Peterson, B. D., Pirritano, M., Christensen, U., & Schmidt, L. (2008). The impact of partner coping in couples experiencing infertility. Human Reproduction, 23(5), 1128–1137. https://doi.org/10.1093/humrep/den067
Peterson, B., Boivin, J., Norre, J., Smith, C., Thorn, P., & Wischmann, T. (2012). An introduction to infertility counseling: a guide for mental health and medical professionals. Journal of Assisted Reproduction & Genetics, 29(3), 243–248. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10815-011-9701-y
Saleem, S., Qureshi, N. S., & Mahmood, Z. (2019). Attachment, perceived social support and mental health problems in women with primary infertility. International Journal of Reproduction, Contraception, Obstetrics and Gynecology, 8(6), 2533–2540. https://doi.org/ 10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20192463
Schwarzer, R., & Knoll, N. (2007). Functional roles of social support within the stress and coping process: A theoretical and empirical overview. International Journal of Psychology, 42(4), 243–252. https://doi.org/10.1080/00207590701396641
Slade, P., O'Neill, C., Simpson, A. J., & Lashen, H. (2007). The relationship between perceived stigma, disclosure patterns, support and distress in new attendees at an infertility clinic. Human Reproduction, 22(8), 2309–2317. https://doi.org/10.1093/humrep/dem115
Vassard, D., Lund, R., Pinborg, A., Boivin, J., & Schmidt, L. (2012). The impact of social relations among men and women in fertility treatment on the decision to terminate treatment. Human Reproduction, 27(12), 3502–3512. https://doi.org/10.1093/humrep/des353
Walen, H. R., & Lachman, M. E. (2000). Social support and strain from partner, family, and friends: Costs and benefits for men and women in adulthood. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 17(1), 5–30. https://doi.org/10.1177/0265407500171001
Welbourne, J. L., Blanchard, A. L., & Boughton, M. D. (2009). Supportive communication, sense of virtual community and health outcomes in online infertility groups. Proceedings of the Fourth International Conference on Communities and Technologies, 31–40. https://doi.org/10.1145/1556460.1556466
Woods, N., Olshansky, E., & Draye, M. (1991). Infertility: Women's experiences. Health Care for Women International, 12(2), 179–189. https://doi.org/10.1080/07399339109515939
Ying, L. Y., Wu, L. H., & Loke, A. Y. (2015). Gender differences in experiences with and adjustments to infertility: A literature review. International Journal of Nursing Studies, 52(10), 1640–1652. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2015.05.004
Zegers-Hochschild, F., Adamson, G. D., de Mouzon, J., Ishihara, O., Mansour, R., Nygren, K., Sullivan, E., van der Poel, & WHO. (2009). The International Committee for Monitoring Assisted Reproductive Technology (ICMART) and the World Health Organization (WHO) Revised Glossary on ART Terminology, 2009. Human Reproduction, 24(11), 2683–2687. https://doi.org/10.1093/humrep/dep343
Zimet, G. D., Powell, S. S., Farley, G. K., Werkman, S., & Berkoff, K. A. (1990). Psychometric Characteristics of the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support. Journal of Personality Assessment, 55(3/4), 610–617. https://doi.org/10.1080/00223891.1990.9674095
