ODNOSI IZMEĐU BAZIČNIH EMOCIJA I ADAPTIVNE VREDNOSTI MODERIRANI SU POLOM KAO INTRINZIČKIM STANJEM
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.19090/pp.2020.1.5-26Ključne reči:
adaptivna vrednost, bazične emocije, ljudska bihejvioralna ekologija polne razlike, ponašanje zavisno od stanjaApstrakt
Jedan od ključnih problema ličnosti je postojanje inter-individualnih razlika u motivaciji, emocijama i ponašanju. Individualne razlike se mogu održavati u populacijama ukoliko su crte ličnosti povezane sa stanjima - uslovima koji utiču na posledice ponašanja koje su povezane sa adaptivnom vrednošću. U ovom radu testirali smo tu pretpostavku analizirajući pol ispitanika kao intrinzičko stanje. Ličnost je operacionalizovana preko bazičnih emocionalnih sistema: STRAH, BES, TUGA, POTRAGA, IGRA i BRIGA. Merili smo nekoliko indikatora koji su povezani sa adaptivnom vrednošću kao što su reproduktivni uspeh, rezidualna reproduktivna vrednost, tajming reprodukcije, početak seksualne aktivnosti i frekventnost kratkoročnog sparivanja. Podaci su prikupljeni na prigodnom uzorku iz zajednice dobijenom pomoću procesa "snežne grudve" (N = 635) a sam upitnik je zadavan online. Dobijene su predvidive polne razlike u izraženosti bazičnih emocija: muškarci su imali niže skorove na sistemima BRIGA, STRAH i TUGA. Nalazi su takođe pokazali da bazične emocije imaju adaptivnu ulogu u biološkom smislu (u smislu asocijacija između emocija i indikatora adaptivne vrednosti), ovo se pokazalo tačno pogotovo za emocije BRIGE i BESA. Na kraju, detektovano je pet interakcija koje su pokazale da se adaptivni benefiti emocionalnih sistema razlikuju za muškarce i žene na konceptualno očekivan način: za muškarce su visoko izražena IGRA i nisko izražen STRAH i TUGA imali pozitivne asocijacije sa sparivanjem i reprodukcijom; sa druge strane nisko izražen BES kod muškaraca je bio maladaptivan jer je bio pozitivno asociran sa planiranim i observiranim uzrastom prve reprodukcije. Rezultati istraživanja pokazali su da crte ličnosti operacionalizovane kao bazični emocionalni sistemi mogu pozitivno doprineti adaptivnoj vrednosti. Dobijeni nalazi proširuju razumevanje ljudske ličnosti kao ponašanja zavisnih od stanja i potvrđuju benefite primene modela iz animalne bihejvioralne ekologije u ljudskoj ekologiji ponašanja.
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Langdridge, D., Sheeran, P., & Connolly, K. (2005). Understanding the reasons for parenthood. Journal of Reproductive and Infant Psychology, 23, 121–133. https://doi.org/10.1080/02646830500129438
Leung, S. O. (2011). A comparison of psychometric properties and normality in 4-, 5-, 6-, and 11-point Likert scales. Journal of Social Service Research, 37(4), 412–421. https://doi.org/10.1080/01488376.2011.580697
Međedović, J. (2018a). What can human personality psychology learn from behavioral ecology? Journal of Comparative Psychology, advanced online publication. https://doi.org/10.1037/com0000120
Međedović, J. (2018b). Testing the state-dependent behavior models in humans: Environmental harshness moderates the link between personality and mating. Personality and Individual Differences, 125, 68–73. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2017.12.035
Međedović, J., & Kovačević, U. (2020). Personality as a state-dependent behavior: Do childhood poverty and pregnancy planning moderate the link between personality and fitness? Personality and Individual Differences, 154, 109625. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2019.109625
Međedović, J., & Petrović, B. (2019). Quantity-quality trade-offs may partially explain inter- individual variation in psychopathy. Adaptive Human Behavior and Physiology, advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40750-019-00113-4
Međedović, J., Petrović, B., Želeskov-Đorić, J., & Savić, M. (2017). Interpersonal and affective psychopathy traits can enhance human fitness. Evolutionary Psychological Science, 3, 306–315. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40806-017-0097-5
Međedović, J., Šoljaga, M., Stojković, A., & Gojević, I. (2018). Revealing complex relations between personality and fitness: HEXACO personality traits, life-time reproductive success and the age at first birth. Personality and Individual Differences, 129, 143–148. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2018.03.014
Miller, W. B. (1995). Childbearing motivation and its measurement. Journal of Biosocial Science, 27, 473–487. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0021932000023087
Miller, W. B., Rodgers, J. L., & Pasta, D. J. (2010). Fertility motivations of youth predict later fertility outcomes: A prospective analysis of national longitudinal survey of youth data. Biodemography and Social Biology, 56, 1–23. https://doi.org/10.1080/19485561003709131
Montag, C., Hahn, E., Reuter, M., Spinath, F. M., Davis, K., & Panksepp, J. (2016). The role of nature and nurture for individual differences in primary emotional systems: evidence from a twin study. PloS one, 11(3), e0151405. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0151405
Montag, C., & Panksepp, J. (2017). Primary emotional systems and personality: an evolutionary perspective. Frontiers in Psychology, 8, 464. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2017.00464
Neel, R., Kenrick, D. T., White, A. E., Neuberg, S. L., (2016). Individual differences in fundamental social motives. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 110, 887–907. https://doi.org/ 10.1037/pspp0000068
Nettle, D., Gibson, M. A., Lawson, D. W., & Sear, R. (2013). Human behavioral ecology: current research and future prospects. Behavioral Ecology, 24, 1031–1040. https://doi.org/10.1093/beheco/ars222
Panksepp, J. (2005). Affective consciousness: Core emotional feelings in animals and humans. Consciousness and Cognition, 14, 30–80. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.concog.2004.10.004
Panksepp, J., Fuchs, T., & Iacobucci, P. (2011). The basic neuroscience of emotional experiences in mammals: The case of subcortical FEAR circuitry and implications for clinical anxiety. Applied Animal Behaviour Science, 129, 1–17. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.applanim.2010.09.014
Panksepp, J., & Watt, D. (2011). What is basic about basic emotions? Lasting lessons from affective neuroscience. Emotion Review, 3, 387–396. https://doi.org/10.1177/1754073911410741
Penke, L., & Asendorpf, J. B. (2008). Beyond global sociosexual orientations: a more differentiated look at sociosexuality and its effects on courtship and romantic relationships. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 95, 1113–1125. http://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1037/0022-3514.95.5.1113
Penke, L., & Jokela, M. (2016). The evolutionary genetics of personality revisited. Current Opinion in Psychology, 7, 104–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.copsyc.2015.08.021
Pingault, J. B., Falissard, B., Côté, S., & Berthoz, S. (2012). A new approach of personality and psychiatric disorders: A short version of the Affective Neuroscience Personality Scales. PloS One, 7, e41489. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0041489
Preston, C. C., & Colman, A. M. (2000). Optimal number of response categories in rating scales: reliability, validity, discriminating power, and respondent preferences. Acta Psychologica, 104(1), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0001-6918(99)00050-5
Schmitt, D. P., & Shackelford, T. K. (2008). Big Five traits related to short-term mating: From personality to promiscuity across 46 nations. Evolutionary Psychology, 6, 246–282. https://doi.org/10.1177%2F147470490800600204
Sih, A., Mathot, K. J., Moirón, M., Montiglio, P. O., Wolf, M., & Dingemanse, N. J. (2015). Animal personality and state–behaviour feedbacks: a review and guide for empiricists. Trends in Ecology & Evolution, 30, 50–60. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tree.2014.11.004
Skirbekk, V., & Blekesaune, M. (2014). Personality traits increasingly important for male fertility: Evidence from Norway. European Journal of Personality, 28(6), 521–529. https://doi.org/10.1002/per.1936
Smith, B. R., & Blumstein, D. T. (2008). Fitness consequences of personality: a meta-analysis. Behavioral Ecology, 19, 448–455. https://doi.org/10.1093/beheco/arm144
Smith, T. W., Glazer, K., Ruiz, J. M., & Gallo, L. C. (2004). Hostility, anger, aggressiveness, and coronary heart disease: An interpersonal perspective on personality, emotion, and health. Journal of Personality, 72, 1217–1270. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6494.2004.00296.x
Wolf, M., Van Doorn, G.S., Leimar, O. & Weissing, F.J. (2007). Life-history trade-offs favour the evolution of animal personalities. Nature, 447, 581–584. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature05835
Barrett, F. S., Robins, R. W., & Janata, P. (2013). A brief form of the Affective Neuroscience Personality Scales. Psychological Assessment, 25, 826–843. http://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1037/a0032576
Berg, V., Lummaa, V., Rickard, I. J., Silventoinen, K., Kaprio, J., & Jokela, M. (2016). Genetic associations between personality traits and lifetime reproductive success in humans. Behavior Genetics, 46(6), 742-753. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10519-016-9803-5
Berg, V., Rotkirch, A., Väisänen, H., & Jokela, M. (2013). Personality is differentially associated with planned and non-planned pregnancies. Journal of Research in Personality, 47, 296-305. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrp.2013.01.010
Blom, G. (1958). Statistical estimates and transformed beta-variables. Wiley.
Brennan, K. A., Clark, C. L., & Shaver, P. R. (1998). Self-report measurement of adult attachment: An integrative overview. In J. A. Simpson & W. S. Rholes (Eds.), Attachment theory and close relationships (pp. 46–76). Guilford.
Cohen, J. (1992). A power primer. Psychological bulletin, 112(1), 155–159.
Costa, P.T. Jr., & McCrae, R.R. (1992). Revised NEO Personality Inventory (NEO-PI-R) and NEO Five-Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI) manual. Psychological Assessment Resources.
Davis, K. L., & Panksepp, J. (2011). The brain's emotional foundations of human personality and the Affective Neuroscience Personality Scales. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, 35, 1946–1958. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2011.04.004
Davis, K. L., Panksepp, J., & Normansell, L. (2003). The affective neuroscience personality scales: Normative data and implications. Neuropsychoanalysis, 5, 57–69. https://doi.org/10.1080/15294145.2003.10773410
Del Giudice, M., Gangestad, S. W., & Kaplan, H. S. (2015). Life history theory and evolutionary psychology. In D. M. Buss (Ed.), The handbook of evolutionary psychology, Vol. 1, foundations (2nd ed., pp. 88–114). John Wiley. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119125563.evpsych102
Dingemanse, N. J., & Wolf, M. (2010). Recent models for adaptive personality differences: a review. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London B: Biological Sciences, 365, 3947-3958. doi:10.1098/rstb.2010.0221
Goldberg, L. R. (1993). The structure of phenotypic personality traits. American Psychologist, 48, 26–34. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066x.48.1.26
Gurven, M., von Rueden, C., Stieglitz, J., Kaplan, H., & Rodriguez, D. E. (2014). The evolutionary fitness of personality traits in a small-scale subsistence society. Evolution and Human Behavior, 35(1), 17–25. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2013.09.002
Jackson, J. J., & Kirkpatrick, L. A. (2007). The structure and measurement of human mating strategies: Toward a multidimensional model of sociosexuality. Evolution and Human Behavior, 28, 382–391. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2007.04.005
Jokela, M., Alvergne, A., Pollet, T. V., & Lummaa, V. (2011). Reproductive behavior and personality traits of the Five Factor Model. European Journal of Personality, 25, 487–500. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/per.822
Kogan, S. M., Cho, J., Simons, L. G., Allen, K. A., Beach, S. R., Simons, R. L., & Gibbons, F. X. (2015). Pubertal timing and sexual risk behaviors among rural African American male youth: Testing a model based on life history theory. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 44(3), 609–618. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10508-014-0410-3
Langdridge, D., Sheeran, P., & Connolly, K. (2005). Understanding the reasons for parenthood. Journal of Reproductive and Infant Psychology, 23, 121–133. https://doi.org/10.1080/02646830500129438
Leung, S. O. (2011). A comparison of psychometric properties and normality in 4-, 5-, 6-, and 11-point Likert scales. Journal of Social Service Research, 37(4), 412–421. https://doi.org/10.1080/01488376.2011.580697
Međedović, J. (2018a). What can human personality psychology learn from behavioral ecology? Journal of Comparative Psychology, advanced online publication. https://doi.org/10.1037/com0000120
Međedović, J. (2018b). Testing the state-dependent behavior models in humans: Environmental harshness moderates the link between personality and mating. Personality and Individual Differences, 125, 68–73. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2017.12.035
Međedović, J., & Kovačević, U. (2020). Personality as a state-dependent behavior: Do childhood poverty and pregnancy planning moderate the link between personality and fitness? Personality and Individual Differences, 154, 109625. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2019.109625
Međedović, J., & Petrović, B. (2019). Quantity-quality trade-offs may partially explain inter- individual variation in psychopathy. Adaptive Human Behavior and Physiology, advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40750-019-00113-4
Međedović, J., Petrović, B., Želeskov-Đorić, J., & Savić, M. (2017). Interpersonal and affective psychopathy traits can enhance human fitness. Evolutionary Psychological Science, 3, 306–315. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40806-017-0097-5
Međedović, J., Šoljaga, M., Stojković, A., & Gojević, I. (2018). Revealing complex relations between personality and fitness: HEXACO personality traits, life-time reproductive success and the age at first birth. Personality and Individual Differences, 129, 143–148. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2018.03.014
Miller, W. B. (1995). Childbearing motivation and its measurement. Journal of Biosocial Science, 27, 473–487. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0021932000023087
Miller, W. B., Rodgers, J. L., & Pasta, D. J. (2010). Fertility motivations of youth predict later fertility outcomes: A prospective analysis of national longitudinal survey of youth data. Biodemography and Social Biology, 56, 1–23. https://doi.org/10.1080/19485561003709131
Montag, C., Hahn, E., Reuter, M., Spinath, F. M., Davis, K., & Panksepp, J. (2016). The role of nature and nurture for individual differences in primary emotional systems: evidence from a twin study. PloS one, 11(3), e0151405. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0151405
Montag, C., & Panksepp, J. (2017). Primary emotional systems and personality: an evolutionary perspective. Frontiers in Psychology, 8, 464. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2017.00464
Neel, R., Kenrick, D. T., White, A. E., Neuberg, S. L., (2016). Individual differences in fundamental social motives. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 110, 887–907. https://doi.org/ 10.1037/pspp0000068
Nettle, D., Gibson, M. A., Lawson, D. W., & Sear, R. (2013). Human behavioral ecology: current research and future prospects. Behavioral Ecology, 24, 1031–1040. https://doi.org/10.1093/beheco/ars222
Panksepp, J. (2005). Affective consciousness: Core emotional feelings in animals and humans. Consciousness and Cognition, 14, 30–80. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.concog.2004.10.004
Panksepp, J., Fuchs, T., & Iacobucci, P. (2011). The basic neuroscience of emotional experiences in mammals: The case of subcortical FEAR circuitry and implications for clinical anxiety. Applied Animal Behaviour Science, 129, 1–17. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.applanim.2010.09.014
Panksepp, J., & Watt, D. (2011). What is basic about basic emotions? Lasting lessons from affective neuroscience. Emotion Review, 3, 387–396. https://doi.org/10.1177/1754073911410741
Penke, L., & Asendorpf, J. B. (2008). Beyond global sociosexual orientations: a more differentiated look at sociosexuality and its effects on courtship and romantic relationships. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 95, 1113–1125. http://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1037/0022-3514.95.5.1113
Penke, L., & Jokela, M. (2016). The evolutionary genetics of personality revisited. Current Opinion in Psychology, 7, 104–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.copsyc.2015.08.021
Pingault, J. B., Falissard, B., Côté, S., & Berthoz, S. (2012). A new approach of personality and psychiatric disorders: A short version of the Affective Neuroscience Personality Scales. PloS One, 7, e41489. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0041489
Preston, C. C., & Colman, A. M. (2000). Optimal number of response categories in rating scales: reliability, validity, discriminating power, and respondent preferences. Acta Psychologica, 104(1), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0001-6918(99)00050-5
Schmitt, D. P., & Shackelford, T. K. (2008). Big Five traits related to short-term mating: From personality to promiscuity across 46 nations. Evolutionary Psychology, 6, 246–282. https://doi.org/10.1177%2F147470490800600204
Sih, A., Mathot, K. J., Moirón, M., Montiglio, P. O., Wolf, M., & Dingemanse, N. J. (2015). Animal personality and state–behaviour feedbacks: a review and guide for empiricists. Trends in Ecology & Evolution, 30, 50–60. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tree.2014.11.004
Skirbekk, V., & Blekesaune, M. (2014). Personality traits increasingly important for male fertility: Evidence from Norway. European Journal of Personality, 28(6), 521–529. https://doi.org/10.1002/per.1936
Smith, B. R., & Blumstein, D. T. (2008). Fitness consequences of personality: a meta-analysis. Behavioral Ecology, 19, 448–455. https://doi.org/10.1093/beheco/arm144
Smith, T. W., Glazer, K., Ruiz, J. M., & Gallo, L. C. (2004). Hostility, anger, aggressiveness, and coronary heart disease: An interpersonal perspective on personality, emotion, and health. Journal of Personality, 72, 1217–1270. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6494.2004.00296.x
Wolf, M., Van Doorn, G.S., Leimar, O. & Weissing, F.J. (2007). Life-history trade-offs favour the evolution of animal personalities. Nature, 447, 581–584. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature05835
