PROCENA FINANSIJSKE SITUACIJE I ORIJENTACIJE U NALAŽENJU ZAPOSLENJA KAO FAKTORI PSIHO-FIZIČKOG ZDRAVLJA KOD NEZAPOSLENIH
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.19090/pp.2019.3.327-347Ključne reči:
nezaposlenost, finansijska situacija, poricanje, rešavanje problema, zdravljeApstrakt
Na uzorku od 222 nezaposlene osobe iz četiri regiona u Republici Srbiji sprovedeno je istraživanje sa ciljem da se ispita kakav efekat subjektivna percepcija finansijske situacije, nastale nakon gubitka posla, ostvaruje na učestalost simptoma poremećaja psiho-fizičkog zdravlja kod nezaposlenih. Podaci su prikupljeni pomoću upitnika za procenu učestalosti simptoma poremećaja psiho-fizičkog zdravlja, upitnika za subjektivnu procenu finansijske situacije i stavki koje se tiču prevalentnosti odnosa nezaposlene osobe prema situaciji gubitka posla (rešavanje ili poricanje tog problema). Rezultati podržavaju očekivanje da je percepcija težine finansijske situacije zaista faktor psiho-fizičkog zdravlja nezaposlenih osoba, kako ukupnog zdravlja tako i njegovih pojedinih dimenzija. Utvrđeno je da teška finansijska situacija narušava zdravlje nezaposlenih bez obzira na dužinu trajanja nezaposlenosti, nivo obrazovanja ili starost nezaposlenih osoba. Nadalje, podržano je i očekivanje da je orijentacija ka rešavanju problema nezaposlenosti povezana sa manje depresivnih i anksioznih simptoma kod nezaposlenih u odnosu na orijentaciju ka poricanju problema nezaposlenosti. Konačno, dobijeni rezultati pokazuju da nezaposlene žene izveštavaju o lošijem psiho-fizičkom zdravlju u odnosu na muškarce, ali i to da pol ne moderira odnos između subjektivne procene finansijske situacije i psiho-fizičkog zdravlja. Svi nalazi su diskutovani u okviru teorija o efektima gubitka zaposlenja i spram nalaza brojnih istraživanja u ovoj oblasti.
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Ferrant, G., Pesando, L. M., & Nowacka, K. (2014). Unpaid Care Work: The Missing Link in the Analysis of Gender Gaps in Labour Outcomes. Paris: OECD Development Centre
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Julkunen, I. (2001). Coping and mental well-being among unemployed youthA Northern European perspective. Journal of Youth Studies, 4(3), 261–278. doi:10.1080/13676260120075419
Kagamimori, S., Gaina, A., & Nasermoaddeli, A. (2009). Socioeconomic status and health in the Japanese population. Social Science & Medicine, 68(12), 2152– 2160. doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2009.03.030
Karsten, P. I., & Moser, K. (2009). Unemployment impairs mental health: Meta-analyses. Journal of Vocational Behavior 74, 264–282. doi:10.1016/j. jvb.2009.01.001
Kasl, S. V., & Cobb, S. (1980). The experience of losing a job: Some effects on cardiovascular functioning. Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, 34, 88–109. doi:10.1159/000287452
Kinicki, A. J., & Latack, J. C. (1990). Explication of the construct of coping with involuntary job loss. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 36(3), 339–360. doi:10.1016/0001-8791(90)90036-2
Kinicki, A. J., Prussia, G. E., & McKee-Ryan, F. M. (2000). A panel study of coping with involuntary job loss. Academy of Management Journal, 43(1), 90–100. doi:10.2307/1556388
Lai, J. C. L., & Chan, R. K. H. (2002) The effects of job-search motives and coping on psychological health and re-employment: a study of unemployed Hong Kong Chinese. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 13(3), 465–483, doi:10.1080/09585190110111486.
Leana, C. R., & Feldman, D. C. (1994). The psychology of job loss. In G. R. Ferris (Ed.), Research in personnel and human resources management (pp. 271–302). Greenwich, CT: JAI Press.
Leana, C. R., & Feldman, D. C. (1995). Finding new jobs after a plant closing: Antecedents and outcomes of the occurrence and quality of reemployment. Human Relations, 48(12), 1381–1401. doi:10.1177/001872679504801201
Lin, X., & Leung, K. (2010). Differing effects of coping strategies on mental health during prolonged unemployment: A longitudinal analysis. Human Relations, 63(5), 637–665. doi:10.1177/0018726709342930
Majstorović, N. (2011). Efekti nezaposlenosti i faktori aktivizma u ponovnom zapošljavanju. Primenjena psihologija, 3, 205–227. doi:10.19090/ pp.2011.3.205-227
Majstorović, N., Popov, B., Matanović, J., Slijepčević V. i Jelić, D. (2017). Nezaposlenost u Republici Srbiji: posledice po psiho-fizičko zdravlje i ključni faktori uspeha u ponovnom zapošljavanju, Filozofski fakultet Novi Sad, Preuzeto sa: http://digitalna.ff.uns.ac.rs/sadrzaj/2017/978-86-6065-410-8
Marić, Z. (2005a). Predikcija simptoma depresije kod nezaposlenih osoba. Psihologija, 38(1), 5–17. doi:10.2298/PSI0501005M
Marić, Z. (2005b). Predikcija intenziteta i namere traženja posla na uzorku nezaposlenih. Psihologija, 38(2), 181–195. doi:10.2298/PSI0501005M
McKee-Ryan, F. M., & Kinicki, A. J. (2002). Coping with job loss: A life-facet model. International Review of Industrial and Organizational Psychology, 17, 1–29. doi:10.1002/9780470696392.ch1
McKee-Ryan, F., Song Z., Wanberg, C. R., & Kinicki, A. J. (2005). Psychological and physical well-being during unemployment: a meta-analytic study. Journal of Applied Psychology , 90(1), 53–76. doi:10.1037/0021-9010.90.1.53.
Patton, W., & Donohue, R. (1998). Coping with long term unemployment. Journal of Community and Applied Social Psychology, 8, 331–343. doi:10.1002/ (SICI)1099-1298(1998090)8:5<331::AID-CASP456>3.0.CO;2-6
Payne, R., & Hartley, J. (1987). A test of a model for explaining the affective experience of unemployed men. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 60(1), 31–47. doi:10.1111/j.2044-8325.1987.tb00239.x
Popov, B., Miljanović, M., Stojaković, M., & Matanović, J. (2013). Work stressors, distress, and burnout: The role of coping strategies. Primenjena psihologija, 6(4), 355–370. doi:10.19090/pp.2013.4.355-370
Popov, B. i Popov, S. (2011). Struktura polnih razlika u doživljaju stresa na radu. Primenjena psihologija, 4(2), 179–195. doi:10.19090/pp.2011.2.179-195
Price, R. H., Choi, J. N., & Vinokur, A. D. (2002). Links in the chain of adversity following job loss: how financial strain and loss of personal control lead to depression, impaired functioning, and poor health. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 7(4), 302–312. doi:10.1037/1076-8998.7.4.302
Reine, I. I., Novo, M. M., & Hammarström, A. A. (2004). Does the association between ill health and unemployment differ between young people and adults? Results from a 14-year follow-up study with a focus on psychological health and smoking. Public Health (Elsevier), 118(5), 337–345. doi:10.1016/j. puhe.2003.10.008
Rowley, K. M., & Feather, N. T. (1987). The impact of unemployment in relation to age and length of unemployment. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 60(4), 323–332. doi:10.1111/j.2044-8325.1987.tb00264.x
Roxburgh, S. (1996). Gender differences in work and well-being: Effects of exposure and vulnerability. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 37, 265–277. doi:10.2307/2137296
Schmaus, B. J., Laubmeier, K. K., Boquiren, V. M., Herzer, M., & Zakowski, S. G. (2008). Gender and stress: Differential psychophysiological reactivity to stress reexposure in the laboratory. International Journal of Psychophysiology, 69(2), 101–106. doi:10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2008.03.006
Shimazu, A., & Kosugi, S. (2003). Job stressors, coping, and psychological distress among Japanese employees: interplay between active and non-active coping. Work & Stress, 17(1), 38–51. doi:10.1080/0267837031000106862
Smari, J., Arason, E., Hafsteinsson, H., & Snorri, I. (1997). Unemployment, coping and psychological distress. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology, 38(2), 151– 156. doi:10.1111/1467-9450.00021
Solove, E., Fisher, G. G., & Kraiger, K. (2015). Coping with job loss and reemployment: A two-wave study. Journal of Business and Psychology, 30(3), 529–541. doi:10.1007/s10869-014-9380-7
Strandh, M., Hammarström, A., Nilsson, K., Nordenmark, M., & Russel, H. (2013). Unemployment, gender and mental health: the role of the gender regime. Sociology of Health & Illness, 35(5), 649–665. doi:10.1111/j.1467-9566.2012.01517.x
Strober, L. B., & Arnett, P. A. (2016). Unemployment among women with multiple sclerosis: the role of coping and perceived stress and support in the workplace. Psychology, Health & Medicine, 21(4), 496–504. doi:10.1080/1354850 6.2015.1093645
Šverko, B., Maslić Seršić, D., & Galešić, M. (2004). Unemployment and subjective health. Are middle-aged unemployed persons the most vulnerable? Suvremena psihologija, 7(2), 201–214.
Taris, T. W. (2002). Unemployment and mental health: A longitudinal perspective. International Journal of Stress Management, 9(1), 43–57. doi:10.1023/A:1013067101217
Tytherleigh, M. Y., Jacobs, P. A., Webb, C., Ricketts, C., & Cooper, C. (2007). Gender, Health and Stress in English University Staff—Exposure or Vulnerability?. Applied Psychology, 56(2), 267–287. doi:10.1111/j.1464-0597.2006.00254.x
Ullah, P. (1990). The association between income, financial strain and psychological well-being among unemployed youths. Journal of Occupational Psychology, 63, 317–330. doi:10.1111/j.2044-8325.1990.tb00533.x
Vinokur, A. D., Price, R. H., & Caplan, R. D. (1996). Hard Times and Hurtful Partners: How Financial Strain Affects Depression and Relationship Satisfaction of Unemployed persons and Their Spouses. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 71(1), 166–179. doi:10.1037//0022-3514.71.1.166
Vinokur, A. D., & Schul, Y. (2002). The web of coping resources and pathways to reemployment following a job loss. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 7(1), 68–83. doi:10.1037/1076-8998.7.1.68
Wanberg, C. R. (1997). Antecedents and outcomes of coping behaviors among unemployed and reemployed individuals. Journal of Applied Psychology, 82(5), 731–744. doi:10.1037/0021-9010.82.5.731
Wanberg, C. R.,(2012). The Individual Experienceof Unemployment. Annual Review of Psychology, 63, 369–396. doi:10.1146/annurev-psych-120710-100500
Warr, P. (1983). Work and unemployment. Handbook of Work and Organization Psychology. London: Wiley.
Warr, P. B. (1984). Reported behaviour changes after job loss. British Journal of Social Psychology, 23, 271–275. doi:10.1111/j.2044-8309.1984.tb00639.x
Warr, P. (1987). Psychology at Work. Penguin Books, London.
Warr, P., & Jackson, P. (1984). Men without jobs: Some correlates of age and length of unemployment. Journal of Occupational Psychology, 57, 77–85. doi:10.1111/j.2044-8325.1984.tb00150.x
Waters, L. E., & Moore, K. A. (2002). Reducing latent deprivation during unemployment: The role of meaningful leisure activity. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 75, 15–32. doi:10.1348/096317902167621.
Caplan, R. D., Vinokur, A. D., Price, R. H., & Van Ryn, M. (1989). Job seeking, reemployment, and mental health: a randomized field experiment in coping with job loss. Journal of Applied Psychology, 74(5), 759–769. doi:10.1037/00219010.74.5.759
Clark, A., Knabe, A., & Rätzel, S. (2010). Boon or bane? Others’ unemployment, well-being and job insecurity. Labour Economics, 17(1), 52–61. doi:10.1016/j. labeco.2009.05.007
Donovan, A., & Oddy, M. (1982). Psychological aspects of unemployment: An investigation into the emotional and social adjustement of school leavers. Journal of Adolescence, 5, 15–30. doi:10.1016/S0140-1971(82)80015-8
Ferrant, G., Pesando, L. M., & Nowacka, K. (2014). Unpaid Care Work: The Missing Link in the Analysis of Gender Gaps in Labour Outcomes. Paris: OECD Development Centre
Frank, C., Davis, C. G., & Elgar, F. J. (2014). Financial strain, social capital, and perceived health during economic recession: a longitudinal survey in rural Canada. Anxiety, Stress, & Coping, 27(4), 422–438. doi:10.1080/10615806.2013.864389
Fryer, D., & Payne, R. (1986). Being unemployed: A review of the literature on the psychological experience of unemployment. International Review of Industrial and Organizational Psychology, 1, 235–278
Goldsmith, A. H., & Veum, J. R. (1996). The psychological impact of unemployment and joblessness. Journal of Socio-Economics, 2 (3), 333–358. doi:10.1016/ S1053-5357(96)90009-8
Grossi, G. (1999). Coping and emotional distress in a sample of Swedish unemployed. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology, 40(3), 157–165. doi:10.1111/1467-9450.00113
Halford, W. K., & Learner, E. (1984). Correlates of coping with unemployment in young Australians. Australian Psychologist, 19(3), 333–344. doi:10.1080/00050068408255439
Jahoda, M. (1982). Employment and unemployment: The psyhology of social issues. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Julkunen, I. (2001). Coping and mental well-being among unemployed youthA Northern European perspective. Journal of Youth Studies, 4(3), 261–278. doi:10.1080/13676260120075419
Kagamimori, S., Gaina, A., & Nasermoaddeli, A. (2009). Socioeconomic status and health in the Japanese population. Social Science & Medicine, 68(12), 2152– 2160. doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2009.03.030
Karsten, P. I., & Moser, K. (2009). Unemployment impairs mental health: Meta-analyses. Journal of Vocational Behavior 74, 264–282. doi:10.1016/j. jvb.2009.01.001
Kasl, S. V., & Cobb, S. (1980). The experience of losing a job: Some effects on cardiovascular functioning. Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, 34, 88–109. doi:10.1159/000287452
Kinicki, A. J., & Latack, J. C. (1990). Explication of the construct of coping with involuntary job loss. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 36(3), 339–360. doi:10.1016/0001-8791(90)90036-2
Kinicki, A. J., Prussia, G. E., & McKee-Ryan, F. M. (2000). A panel study of coping with involuntary job loss. Academy of Management Journal, 43(1), 90–100. doi:10.2307/1556388
Lai, J. C. L., & Chan, R. K. H. (2002) The effects of job-search motives and coping on psychological health and re-employment: a study of unemployed Hong Kong Chinese. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 13(3), 465–483, doi:10.1080/09585190110111486.
Leana, C. R., & Feldman, D. C. (1994). The psychology of job loss. In G. R. Ferris (Ed.), Research in personnel and human resources management (pp. 271–302). Greenwich, CT: JAI Press.
Leana, C. R., & Feldman, D. C. (1995). Finding new jobs after a plant closing: Antecedents and outcomes of the occurrence and quality of reemployment. Human Relations, 48(12), 1381–1401. doi:10.1177/001872679504801201
Lin, X., & Leung, K. (2010). Differing effects of coping strategies on mental health during prolonged unemployment: A longitudinal analysis. Human Relations, 63(5), 637–665. doi:10.1177/0018726709342930
Majstorović, N. (2011). Efekti nezaposlenosti i faktori aktivizma u ponovnom zapošljavanju. Primenjena psihologija, 3, 205–227. doi:10.19090/ pp.2011.3.205-227
Majstorović, N., Popov, B., Matanović, J., Slijepčević V. i Jelić, D. (2017). Nezaposlenost u Republici Srbiji: posledice po psiho-fizičko zdravlje i ključni faktori uspeha u ponovnom zapošljavanju, Filozofski fakultet Novi Sad, Preuzeto sa: http://digitalna.ff.uns.ac.rs/sadrzaj/2017/978-86-6065-410-8
Marić, Z. (2005a). Predikcija simptoma depresije kod nezaposlenih osoba. Psihologija, 38(1), 5–17. doi:10.2298/PSI0501005M
Marić, Z. (2005b). Predikcija intenziteta i namere traženja posla na uzorku nezaposlenih. Psihologija, 38(2), 181–195. doi:10.2298/PSI0501005M
McKee-Ryan, F. M., & Kinicki, A. J. (2002). Coping with job loss: A life-facet model. International Review of Industrial and Organizational Psychology, 17, 1–29. doi:10.1002/9780470696392.ch1
McKee-Ryan, F., Song Z., Wanberg, C. R., & Kinicki, A. J. (2005). Psychological and physical well-being during unemployment: a meta-analytic study. Journal of Applied Psychology , 90(1), 53–76. doi:10.1037/0021-9010.90.1.53.
Patton, W., & Donohue, R. (1998). Coping with long term unemployment. Journal of Community and Applied Social Psychology, 8, 331–343. doi:10.1002/ (SICI)1099-1298(1998090)8:5<331::AID-CASP456>3.0.CO;2-6
Payne, R., & Hartley, J. (1987). A test of a model for explaining the affective experience of unemployed men. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 60(1), 31–47. doi:10.1111/j.2044-8325.1987.tb00239.x
Popov, B., Miljanović, M., Stojaković, M., & Matanović, J. (2013). Work stressors, distress, and burnout: The role of coping strategies. Primenjena psihologija, 6(4), 355–370. doi:10.19090/pp.2013.4.355-370
Popov, B. i Popov, S. (2011). Struktura polnih razlika u doživljaju stresa na radu. Primenjena psihologija, 4(2), 179–195. doi:10.19090/pp.2011.2.179-195
Price, R. H., Choi, J. N., & Vinokur, A. D. (2002). Links in the chain of adversity following job loss: how financial strain and loss of personal control lead to depression, impaired functioning, and poor health. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 7(4), 302–312. doi:10.1037/1076-8998.7.4.302
Reine, I. I., Novo, M. M., & Hammarström, A. A. (2004). Does the association between ill health and unemployment differ between young people and adults? Results from a 14-year follow-up study with a focus on psychological health and smoking. Public Health (Elsevier), 118(5), 337–345. doi:10.1016/j. puhe.2003.10.008
Rowley, K. M., & Feather, N. T. (1987). The impact of unemployment in relation to age and length of unemployment. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 60(4), 323–332. doi:10.1111/j.2044-8325.1987.tb00264.x
Roxburgh, S. (1996). Gender differences in work and well-being: Effects of exposure and vulnerability. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 37, 265–277. doi:10.2307/2137296
Schmaus, B. J., Laubmeier, K. K., Boquiren, V. M., Herzer, M., & Zakowski, S. G. (2008). Gender and stress: Differential psychophysiological reactivity to stress reexposure in the laboratory. International Journal of Psychophysiology, 69(2), 101–106. doi:10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2008.03.006
Shimazu, A., & Kosugi, S. (2003). Job stressors, coping, and psychological distress among Japanese employees: interplay between active and non-active coping. Work & Stress, 17(1), 38–51. doi:10.1080/0267837031000106862
Smari, J., Arason, E., Hafsteinsson, H., & Snorri, I. (1997). Unemployment, coping and psychological distress. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology, 38(2), 151– 156. doi:10.1111/1467-9450.00021
Solove, E., Fisher, G. G., & Kraiger, K. (2015). Coping with job loss and reemployment: A two-wave study. Journal of Business and Psychology, 30(3), 529–541. doi:10.1007/s10869-014-9380-7
Strandh, M., Hammarström, A., Nilsson, K., Nordenmark, M., & Russel, H. (2013). Unemployment, gender and mental health: the role of the gender regime. Sociology of Health & Illness, 35(5), 649–665. doi:10.1111/j.1467-9566.2012.01517.x
Strober, L. B., & Arnett, P. A. (2016). Unemployment among women with multiple sclerosis: the role of coping and perceived stress and support in the workplace. Psychology, Health & Medicine, 21(4), 496–504. doi:10.1080/1354850 6.2015.1093645
Šverko, B., Maslić Seršić, D., & Galešić, M. (2004). Unemployment and subjective health. Are middle-aged unemployed persons the most vulnerable? Suvremena psihologija, 7(2), 201–214.
Taris, T. W. (2002). Unemployment and mental health: A longitudinal perspective. International Journal of Stress Management, 9(1), 43–57. doi:10.1023/A:1013067101217
Tytherleigh, M. Y., Jacobs, P. A., Webb, C., Ricketts, C., & Cooper, C. (2007). Gender, Health and Stress in English University Staff—Exposure or Vulnerability?. Applied Psychology, 56(2), 267–287. doi:10.1111/j.1464-0597.2006.00254.x
Ullah, P. (1990). The association between income, financial strain and psychological well-being among unemployed youths. Journal of Occupational Psychology, 63, 317–330. doi:10.1111/j.2044-8325.1990.tb00533.x
Vinokur, A. D., Price, R. H., & Caplan, R. D. (1996). Hard Times and Hurtful Partners: How Financial Strain Affects Depression and Relationship Satisfaction of Unemployed persons and Their Spouses. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 71(1), 166–179. doi:10.1037//0022-3514.71.1.166
Vinokur, A. D., & Schul, Y. (2002). The web of coping resources and pathways to reemployment following a job loss. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 7(1), 68–83. doi:10.1037/1076-8998.7.1.68
Wanberg, C. R. (1997). Antecedents and outcomes of coping behaviors among unemployed and reemployed individuals. Journal of Applied Psychology, 82(5), 731–744. doi:10.1037/0021-9010.82.5.731
Wanberg, C. R.,(2012). The Individual Experienceof Unemployment. Annual Review of Psychology, 63, 369–396. doi:10.1146/annurev-psych-120710-100500
Warr, P. (1983). Work and unemployment. Handbook of Work and Organization Psychology. London: Wiley.
Warr, P. B. (1984). Reported behaviour changes after job loss. British Journal of Social Psychology, 23, 271–275. doi:10.1111/j.2044-8309.1984.tb00639.x
Warr, P. (1987). Psychology at Work. Penguin Books, London.
Warr, P., & Jackson, P. (1984). Men without jobs: Some correlates of age and length of unemployment. Journal of Occupational Psychology, 57, 77–85. doi:10.1111/j.2044-8325.1984.tb00150.x
Waters, L. E., & Moore, K. A. (2002). Reducing latent deprivation during unemployment: The role of meaningful leisure activity. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 75, 15–32. doi:10.1348/096317902167621.
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Majstorović, N., Jelić, D., Popov, B., Matanović, J., & Komlenić, A. (2019). PROCENA FINANSIJSKE SITUACIJE I ORIJENTACIJE U NALAŽENJU ZAPOSLENJA KAO FAKTORI PSIHO-FIZIČKOG ZDRAVLJA KOD NEZAPOSLENIH. Primenjena Psihologija, 12(3), 327–347. https://doi.org/10.19090/pp.2019.3.327-347
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