STEREOTYPES IN YOUNG SERBS ABOUT  CROATS AND BOSNIAKS  PROVOKED BY COLLECTIVE MEMORY STIMULI

Tijana Karić; Vladimir Mihić; José Ángel Ruiz Jiménez

doi:10.19090/pp.2017.4.437-462

Autori

Tijana Karić Department of Psychology, Faculty of Philosophy, University of Novi Sad, Serbia
Vladimir Mihić Department of Psychology, Faculty of Philosophy, University of Novi Sad, Serbia
José Ángel Ruiz Jiménez Institut za mirovne i studije konflikta Departman za savremenu istoriju, Fakultet filozofije i jezika, Univerzitet u Granadi, Španija

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.19090/pp.2017.4.437-462

Ključne reči:

stereotipi, kolektivno sećanje, socijalnadistanca, nacionalniidentitet

Apstrakt

Ratovi na prostoru bivše SFRJ tokom devedesetih godina ostali su zapamćeni među najkrvavijim sukobima u novijoj istoriji. Kao jednu od posledica ostavili su tri etničke grupe, Bošnjake, Hrvate i Srbe, u trajnom psihološkom konfliktu, naročito na području dveju država na kojima su se ratna dejstva odvijala direktno. U godinama posle ratova mnogobrojne studije bavile su se pitanjem odnosa između tri etničke grupe, ali ne veliki broj njih je ispitivao stereotipe pripadnika srpske etničke grupe koji žive u Srbiji, koja je bila jedan od aktera rata, ali se na njenoj teritoriji nisu odvijala ratna dejstva. Cilj našeg istraživanja bio je ispitati kakvi se stereotipi Bošnjaka i Hrvata javljaju kod mladih Srba iz Srbije u odnosu na konflikte devedesetih. Kao stimuluse u kvazieksperimentalnom pristupu koristili smo skraćene verzije kolektivnih sećanja Srba, Hrvata i Bošnjaka kako su ona opisana kod Ruiz Himenesa (Ruiz Jiménez, 2013), sa ciljem pozivanja na referentni kontekst. Uzorak u istraživanju činilo je 66 mladih rođenih između 1991. i 1995. godine koji žive u Srbiji. Baterija instrumenata uključila je Skalu nacionalnog identiteta, Skalu socijalne distance, socio-demografski upitnik i set stimulusa praćen pitanjima koja su se odnosila na osobine koje bi učesnici pripisali svakoj od etničkih grupa. Rezultati su pokazali da eksperimentalni uslovi nisu imali bitnog uticaja na opisane stereotipe, kao ni na nacionalni identitet ili izraženost socijalne distance. Ipak, učesnici u našem istraživanju dosledno su evaluirali osobine pripisane Hrvatima kao negativnije u odnosu na one pripisane Bošnjacima ili pripadnicima svoje grupe i dodeljivan im je manji broj pozitivnih osobina nego drugim dvema grupama. Najveći broj navedenih osobina pripada kategoriji ličnosti, što ukazuje na atribuiranje stereotipne slike unutrašnjim i stabilnim činiocima naspram spoljnih i dinamičkih. Kada je u pitanju socijalna distanca, u našem istraživanju je ona manje izražena nego u istraživanjima sprovedenim u regionu u poslednjih petnaestak godina, sa najmanjim stepenom prihvatanja partnerskog odnosa sa pripadnicima najpre hrvatske, a zatim i bošnjačke etničke grupe. Ispitanici su takođe u određenom stepenu izrazili socijalnu distancu prema tome da pripadnik hrvatske, odnosno bošnjačke etničke grupe bude uticajan političar u Srbiji. Nacionalni identitet nije značajno korelirao sa evaluativnim aspektom stereotipa niti socijalnom distancom, ali je jedan značajan odnos pokazao da su Srbi sa izraženijim nacionalnim identitetom skloniji pridavanju negativnih osobina pripadnicima sopstvene grupe, što može biti odraz kritičkog sagledavanja svoje grupe.

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