PREDIKTORI NAVIJAČKOG IDENTITETA: DEMOGRAFSKI POKAZATELJI, DIMENZIJE REVIDIRANOG GRAYOVOG MODELA I KOGNICIJE O NASILJU
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.19090/pp.2015.4.453-469Ključne reči:
navijački identitet, navijači, nasilne kognicije, mačizamApstrakt
Većina teorijskih pristupa fenomenu sportskog navijanja usmerena je na objašnjenje nasilnog ponašanja organizovanih navijačkih grupa i uglavnom je zasnovana na disciplinarno ograničenim modelima. Osnovni cilj ovog rada bio je ispitivanje eksplanatorne moći modela predikcije navijačke identifikacije sportskih fanova, kojim su obuhvaćena tri seta varijabli: sociodemografski prediktori (pol, starost, obrazovanje, materijalni status), dispozicione karakteristike (dimenzije modela Grayove revidirane Teorije osetljivosti na potkrepljenje – Osetljivost na signale nagrade, Osetljivost na signale kazne, Borba, Bežanje i Blokiranje) i nasilne kognicije (mačizam i prihvatanje nasilja). Na uzorku od 147 ispitanika (54.4% ženskog pola), starosti između 16 i 61 godina, primenjeni su sledeći instrumenti: Upitnik navijačkog identiteta, Upitnik za procenu osetljivosti na potkrepljenje, Upitnik stavova prema nasilju i kratak upitnik o sociodemografskim karakteristikama. Rezultati hijerarhijske regresione analize sugerišu da svaki od prediktorskih setova (demografski, dispozicioni i kognitivni) ostvaruje značajan doprinos predikciji kriterijuma, ukazujući na važnost uključivanja svake od tri kategorije varijabli u model predikcije navijačke identifikacije. Pored toga, rezultati govore o značajnoj ulozi muškog pola i mačizma, kao samostalnih prediktora u konačnom modelu, dok je statistička značajnost doprinosa Bežanja, kao dimenzije ličnosti, nestala nakon uključivanja nasilnih kognicija u regresionu jednačinu. Posmatrani u celini, dobijeni rezultati ukazuju na neopravdanost pripisivanja agresivnosti, impulsivnosti i podržavanja nasilja visoko identifikovanim sportskim fanovima, budući da sama identifikacija sa timom nije povezana sa antisocijalnim i nasilnim obeležjima. Kao činioci koji doprinose navijačkom identitetu, u skladu sa ranijim istraživanjima, pokazale su se pripadnost muškom polu i maskulina orijentacija ka polnoj ulozi, izražena mačističkim stavovima i manifestnom neustrašivošću.
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