DIMENSIONS OF ATTACHMENT AND PERSONALITY AS CORRELATES OF QUALITY OF CLOSE RELATIONSHIPS
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.19090/pp.2020.1.49-70Keywords:
attachment, family relationships, friendship, partnerships, personality traitsAbstract
Research has examined the importance of personal correlates of the quality of close relationships in adulthood. We examined the extent to which personality traits and attachment contribute to their quality. The survey was conducted in 2015 in the city of Novi Sad on a sample of 400 subjects of both sexes, aged 19 to 51 years, by Network of Relationship Inventory, Big Five plus two- shortened version and Attachment Questionnaire. The hierarchical regression models for the quality of relationships (p < .01) indicate that some personality traits and attachment dimensions are important determinants of relationships. At worst, the assumed model explains 4% of the variance of the quality of the relationship with the father. Extraversion is the strongest single determinant of close relationships (lowest predictor power for relationship with father and partner β = 0.13). It is followed by negative valence and conscientiousness. Attachment is proving to be a significant determinant in the case of siblings. Each close relationship is determined by different determinants, which is explained by their differences in mechanisms of functioning and role and functions in the lives of individuals.
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References
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Collins, W. A., & Madsen, S. D. (2006). Personal relationships in adolescence and early adulthood. In A. L. Vangelisti & D. Perlman (Eds.), The Cambridge Handbook of Personal Relationships (pp. 191–204). Cambridge University Press.
Cooper, M. L. (2002). Personality and close relationships: Embedding people in important social contexts. Journal of Personality, 70(6), 757–782. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-6494.05023
Costa, P. T., & McRae, R. R. (1992). Revised NEO Personality Inventory (NEO-PI-R) and NEO Five-Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI) Professional Manual. Psychological Assessment Resources, Inc.
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Feeney, J. A., & Noller, P. (1991). Attachment style and verbal descriptions of romantic partners. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 8(2), 187–215. https://doi.org/10.1177/2F0265407591082003
Fincham, F. D., & Bradbury, T. N. (1988). The impact of attributions in marriage: Empirical and conceptual foundations. British Journal of Clinical Psychology, 27(1), 77–90. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2044-8260.1988.tb00755.x
Fincham, F. D., & Rogge, R. (2010). Understanding relationship quality: Theoretical challenges and new tools for assessment. Journal of Family Theory and Review, 2, 227–242. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1756-2589.2010.00059.x
Fingerman, K. L, Whiteman, S. D., & Dotterer, A.M. (2009). Mother-child relationships in adolescence and adulthood. In H.T. Reis & S. Sprecher (Eds.), Encyclopedia of Human Relationships (pp. 1121–1125). Sage Publications.
Furman, W., & Buhrmester, D. (1985). Children's perceptions of the personal relationships in their social networks. Developmental Psychology, 21(6), 1016–1024.
Grabill, C. M., & Kerns, K.A. (2000). Attachment style and intimacy in friendship. Personal Relationships, 7(4), 363–378. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-6811.2000.tb00022.x
Hanak, N. (2004). Konstruisanje novog instrumenta za procenu afektivnog vezivanja kod odraslih i adolescenata - UPIPAV. Psihologija, 37(1), 123–141. https://doi.org/10.2298/PSI0401123H
Hazan, C., & Shaver, P. R. (1987). Romantic love conceptualized as an attachment process. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 52, 511–524. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.52.3.511
Heller, D., Watson, D., & Ilies, R. (2004). The role of person vs. situation in life satisfaction: A critical examination. Psychological Bulletin, 130, 574–600. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.130.4.574
Hilkevitch, V., & Volling, B. L. (2004). A dynamic ecological systems perspective on emotion regulation development within the sibling relationship context. In F. R. Lang & K. L. Fingerman (Eds.), Growing Together: Personal Relationships Across the Llifespan (pp. 76–103). Cambridge University Press.
Hostinar, C. E., & Gunnar, M. R. (2015). Social support can buffer against stress and shape brain activity. AJOB Neuroscience 6(3), 34–42. https://doi.org/10.1080/2F21507740.2015.1047054
Jensen-Campbell, L. A., & Malcolm, K. T. (2007). The importance of conscientiousness in adolescent interpersonal relationships. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 33(3), 368–383. https://doi.org/10.1177/0146167206296104
Karney, B. R., & Bradbury, T.N. (1995). The longitudinal course of marital quality and stability: A review of theory, method, and research. Psychological Bulletin, 118(1), 3–34. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033–2909.118.1.3
Kelley, H. H., Berscheid, E., Christensen, A., Harvey, J. H., Huston, T. L., Levinger, G., McClintock, E., Peplau, L. A., & Peterson, D. (1983). Analyzing close relationships. In H. H. Kelley, E. Berscheid, A. Christensen, J. H. Harvey, T. L. Huston, G.E. Levinger, E. McClintock, L. A. Peplau & D. Peterson, (Eds.), Close Relationships: Development and Change (pp. 20–67). Freeman.
Kernis, M. H., Cornell, D. P., Sun, C. R., Berry, A., & Harlow, T. (1993). There's more to self-esteem than whether it is high or low: The importance of stability of self-esteem. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 65(6), 1190–1204. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.65.6.1190
Kiecolt-Glaser, J. K., & Newton, T. L. (2001). Marriage and health: His and hers. Psychological Bulletin, 127(4), 472–503. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.127.4.472
Laursen, B. (1993). Perceived impact of conflict on adolescent relationships. Merrill-Palmer Quarterly, 39, 535–550.
Mihić, I. i Petrović, J. (2009). Percepcija kvaliteta odnosa unutar porodice- iskustvo adolescenata iz Srbije. Primenjena psihologija, 4, 339–384. https://doi.org/10.19090/pp.2009.4.369-384
Mikulincer, M., & Horesh, N. (1999). Adult attachment style and the perception of others: The role of projective mechanisms. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 76, 1022–1034. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.76.6.1022
Mikulincer, M., & Nachshon, O. (1991). Attachment styles and patterns of self-disclosure. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 61(2), 321–331. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.61.2.321
Mikulincer, M., Shaver, P. R., & Pereg, D. (2003). Attachment theory and affect regulation: The dynamics, development, and cognitive consequences of attachment-related strategies. Motivation and Emotion, 27(2), 77–102. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1024515519160
Mikulincer, M., & Shaver, P. R. (2016). Attachment in Adulthood: Structure, Dynamics and Change. Clinical Social Work 37(2), 179–180. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10615-009-0193-5
Moilanen, K., & Raffaelli, M. (2010). Support and conflict in ethnically diverse young relationships with parents and friends. International Journal of Behavioral Development, 34(1), 46–52. https://doi.org/10.1177/2F0165025409348553
Monteoliva, A., & Garcia-Martinez, J. M. A. (2005) Adult attachment style and its effect on the quality of romantic relationships in spanish students. The Journal of Social Psychology, 145(6), 745–747. https://doi.org/10.3200/SOCP.145.6.745-747
Neyer, F. J., & Wrzus C. (2009). Personality traits, effects on relationships. In H.T. Reis & S. Sprecher (Eds.), Encyclopedia of Human Relationships (pp. 1215–1220). Sage Publications.
Noack, P., & Buhl, H. M. (2004). Child-parent relationships. In: F. R. Lang & K. L. Fingerman (Eds.), Growing Together: Personal Relationships Across the Lifespan (pp. 45–75). Cambridge University Press.
Noftle, E. E., & Shaver, P.R. (2006). Attachment dimensions and the big five personality traits: associations and comparative ability to predict relationship quality. Journal of Research in Personality, 40, 179–208. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrp.2004.11.003
O̕ Connell Corcoran, K., & Mallinckrodt, B (2000). Adult attachment, self-efficacy, perspective taking and conflict resolution. Journal of Counseling and Development, 78(4), 473–483. doi: 10.1002/j.1556-6676.2000.tb01931.x
Park, L. E., Crocker, J., & Vohs, K. D. (2006). Contingencies of self-worth and self-validation goals: Implications for close relationships. In K. D. Vohs & E. J. Finkel (Eds.), Self and Relationships: Connecting Intrapersonal and Interpersonal Processes (pp. 84–103). Guilford Press.
Parker, P. D, Ludtke, O., Trautwein, U., & Roberts, B. (2012). Personality and relationship quality during the transition from high school to early adulthood. Journal of Personality, 80(4), 1061–1089. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6494.2012.00766.x
Petrović, J. (2006). Percepcija kvaliteta socijalnih odnosa u adolescenciji. Teme, 30(2), 291–305.
Radecki-Bush, C., Farrell, A. D., & Bush, J.P. (1993). Predicting jealous responses: The influence of adult attachment and depression on threat appraisal. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 10(4), 569–588. https://doi.org/10.1177/2F0265407593104006
Reis, H. T., Capobianco, A., & Tsai, F. F. (2002). Finding the person in personal relationships. Journal of Personality, 70(6), 813–850. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-6494.05025
Reis, H. T., Collins, W. A., & Berscheid, E. (2000). The relationship context of human behavior and development. Psychological Bulletin, 126, 844–872. https://doi.org/10.1037//0033-2909.126.6.844
Seiffge-Krenke, J. (1993). Close friendship and imaginary companions in adolescence. New Directions for Child and Adolescent Development, 60, 73–87. https://doi.org/10.1002/cd.23219936007
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