VALIDATION OF THE CULTURAL INTELLIGENCE SCALE ON A SERBIAN SAMPLE
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.19090/pp.2017.2.165-184Keywords:
CQS, psychometric properties, socio-emotional intelligence, Big Five, intercultural experienceAbstract
This study deals with determining reliability, factorial validity, and convergent-discriminant validity of the Cultural Intelligence Scale (CQS) and its subscales on a sample of university students in Serbia (N = 336). The convergent-discriminant validity of the scale and its four subscales are verified by testing the relationship with measures of social and emotional intelligence (Social Skills Inventory), personality (Big Five), and self-assessment of intercultural experience. The study results reveal high reliability of the scale and its subscales (.79 ≤ α ≤ .90), and confirm the four-factor structure of the CQS in accordance with the theoretical model that lies in its basis. In addition, the relationships of cultural intelligence measures and measures of other constructs are in line with the expectations. The correlations with measures of social and emotional intelligence are mostly statistically significant, ranging from low to moderate. Deviations from this pattern of correlations are explained by certain characteristics of the Social Skills Inventory, which imply the nature of the components of cultural intelligence at the same time. The CQS and its subscales reach the strongest correlation with Openness (.24 ≤ .r ≤ .41), compared to other basic dimensions of personality, but not to an extent that would suggest that they are indicators of the same construct. The correlations of the CQS and its subscales with the measures of intercultural experience are positive and mostly statistically significant. The results, in general, support the implementation of the CQS for assessment of individual differences in the intercultural interaction in the Serbian population.Metrics
References
Altaras Dimitrijević, A., & Jolić Marjanović, Z. (2010). Test emocionalne inteligencije Majera, Saloveja i Karuza: Provera metrijskih karakteristika srpske verzije MSCEIT-a [Mayer-Salovey-Caruso Emotional Intelligence Test: Determining metric characteristics of Serbian version of MSCEIT]. Psihologija, 43(4), 411–426. doi: 10.2298/PSI1004411A
Ang, S., & Van Dyne, L. (2008). Conceptualization of cultural intelligence: Definition, distinctiveness, and nomological network. In S. Ang & L. Van Dyne (Eds.), Handbook of Cultural Intelligence: Theory, Measurement, and Applications (pp. 3–15). New York, NY: M.E. Sharpe, Inc.
Ang, S., Van Dyne, L., & Koh, C. (2006). Personality correlates of the four factor model of cultural intelligence. Group and Organization Management, 31(1), 100–123. doi: 10.1177/1059601105275267
Ang, S., Van Dyne, L., Koh, C., Ng, K. Y., Templer, K. J., Tay, C., & Chandrasekar, N. A. (2007). Cultural intelligence: Its measurement and effects on cultural judgement and decision making, cultural adaptation, and task performance. Management and Organization Review, 3(3), 335–371. doi: 10.1111/j.1740-8784.2007.00082.x
Ang, S., Van Dyne. L., & Tan, M. L. (2011). Cultural intelligence. In R. J. Sternberg & S. B. Kaufman (Eds.), The Cambridge Handbook of Intelligence (pp. 582–602). New York, NY: Cambridge University Press.
Bar-On, R. (2000). Emotional and social intelligence: Insights from The Emotional Quotient Inventory. In R. Bar-On & J. D. A. Parker (Eds.), The Handbook of Emotional Intelligence: Theory, Development, Assessment, and Application at Home, School, and in the Workplace (pp. 363–388). San Francisko, CA: Jossey-Bass.
Chen, G-M., & Starosta, W. J. (2000). Intercultural sensitivity. In L. A. Samovar & R. E. Porter (Eds.), Intercultural Communication: A Reader (pp. 406–413). Belmont, CA: Wadsworth.
Chen, G. M., & Starosta, W. J. (2008). Intercultural communication competence: A synthesis. In M. K. Asante, Y. Miike, & J. Yin (Eds.), The Global Intercultural Communication Reader (pp. 215–238). NY: Routledge.
Davidson, J. E., & Downing, C. L. (2000). Contemporary models of intelligence. In R. J. Sternberg (Ed.), Handbook of Intelligence (pp. 34–49). New York, NY: Cambridge University Press.
Davidson, J. E., & Kemp, I. A. (2011). Contemporary models of intelligence. In R. J. Sternberg & S. B. Kaufman (Eds.), The Cambridge Handbook of Intelligence (pp. 58–82). New York, NY: Cambridge University Press.
Deardorff, D. K. (2006). Identification and assessment of intercultural competence as a student outcome of internationalization. Journal of Studies in International Education, 10(3), 241–266. doi: 10.1177/1028315306287002
Đurić-Jočić, D., Knežević, G., & Džamonja-Ignjatović, T. (2009). NEO PI-R: Primena i interpretacija (2. izdanje). Beograd: Centar za primenjenu psihologiju.
Earley, P. C., & Ang, S. (2003). Cultural intelligence: Individual interactions across cultures. Palo Alto, CA: Stanford University Press.
Elenkov, D. S., & Pimentel, J. R. C. (2008). Social intelligence, emotional intelligence, and cultural intelligence: An integrative perspective. In S. Ang & L. Van Dyne (Eds.), Handbook of Cultural Intelligence: Theory, Measurement, and Applications (pp. 289–305). Armonk, NY: M.E. Sharpe, Inc.
Hu, L., & Bentler, P. M. (1999). Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Structural Equation Modeling, 6(1), 1–55.
Kim, K., Kirkman, B. L., & Chen, G. (2008). Cultural intelligence and international assignment effectiveness: A conceptual model and preliminary findings. In S. Ang & L. Van Dyne (Eds.), Handbook of Cultural Intelligence: Theory, Measurement, and Applications (pp. 71–90). Armonk, NY: M. E. Sharpe, Inc.
.
Matsumoto, D., & Hwang, H. C. (2013). Assessing cross-cultural competence: A review of available tests. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 44(6), 849–873. doi: 10.1177/0022022113492891
Matsumoto, D., LeRoux, J. A., Ratzlaff, C., Tatani, H., Uchida, H., Kim, C., & Araki, S. (2001). Development and validation of a measure of intercultural adjustment potential in Japanese sojourners: The Intercultural Adjustment Potential Scale (ICAPS). International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 25(5), 483–510. doi: 10.1016/S0147-1767(01)00019-0
Matthews, G., Zeidner, M., & Roberts, R. D. (2007). Emotional intelligence: Consensus, controversies and questions. In G. Matthews, M. Zeidner, & R. D. Roberts (Eds.), The Science of Emotional Intelligence: Knowns and Unknowns (pp. 3–46). New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
Pérez, J. C., Petrides, K. V., & Furnham, A. (2005). Measuring trait emotional intelligence. In R. Schulze & R. D. Roberts (Eds.), Emotional intelligence: An International Handbook (pp. 181–201). Cambridge, MA: Hogrefe & Huber.
Riggio, R. E., & Carney, D. R. (2003). Social Skills Inventory Manual (2nd ed). Mind Garden Inc.
Shannon, L. M., & Begley, T. B. (2008). Antecedents of the four-factor model of cultural intelligence. In S. Ang & L. Van Dyne (Eds.), Handbook of Cultural Intelligence: Theory, Measurement, and Applications (pp. 41–55). New York, NY: M. E. Sharpe, Inc.
Sivo, S. A., Fan, X. T., Witta, E. L., & Willse, J. T. (2006). The search for “optimal” cutoff properties: Fit index criteria in structural equation modeling. The Journal of Experimental Education, 74(3), 267–289.
Stone, N. (2006). Conceptualising intercultural effectiveness for university teaching. Journal of Studies in International Education, 10(4), 334–356. doi: 10.1177/1028315306287634
Tarique, I., & Takeuchi, R. (2008). Developing cultural intelligence: The roles of international nonwork experiences. In S. Ang & L. Van Dyne (Eds.), Handbook of cultural intelligence: Theory, measurement, and applications (pp. 56–70). New York, NY: M. E. Sharpe.
Tay, C., Westman, M., & Chia, A. (2008). Antecedents and consequences of cultural intelligence among short-term business travelers. In S. Ang & L. Van Dyne (Eds.), Handbook of Cultural Intelligence: Theory, Measurement, and Applications (pp. 126–144). New York, NY: M. E. Sharpe, Inc.
Ullman, J. B. (2007). Structural equation modeling. In B. G. Tabachnick & L. S. Fidell (2001), Using Multivariate Statistics (5th ed.) (pp. 676–780). Boston: Pearson/Allyn & Bacon.
Van Dyne, L., Ang, S., & Koh, C. (2008). Development and validation of the CQS: The Cultural Intelligence Scale. In S. Ang & L. Van Dyne (Eds.), Handbook of Cultural Intelligence: Theory, Measurement, and Applications (pp. 16–38). New York, NY: M. E. Sharpe, Inc.
Ward, C., Fischer, R., Zaid Lam, F. S., & Hall, L. (2009). The convergent, discriminant, and incremental validity of scores on a self-report measure of cultural intelligence. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 69(1), 85–105. doi:10.1177/0013164408322001
