CAREER ADAPTABILITY AS A MEDIATOR OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN DARK TRIAD TRAITS AND ATTITUDES TOWARDS ORGANIZATIONAL CHANGES
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.19090/pp.2018.2.171-187Keywords:
organizational changes, dark triad, areer adaptabilityAbstract
The aim of this paper was to examine whether the traits of the dark triad and career adaptability are significant predictors of attitudes towards organizational changes, as well as to determine whether career adaptability is a mediator of the relationship between the traits of the dark triad and the dimensions of attitudes towards organizational changes. The scale of attitudes towards the organizational changes (OP), the Short Dark Triad scale (SD3) for the measurement of the dark triad and the scale of career adaptability (Career Adapt-Abilities Scale - CAAS 2.0) were applied on a sample of 390 employees (42% males) in organizations in Serbia. The results show that all three dimensions of dark triad have direct effect on negative attitude of employees towards organizational changes. Direct effect on initiating changes has only narcissism, while on flexibility of employees, direct effect has only psychopathy. The results also show that narcissism has indirect effects on all three dimensions of attitudes towards organizational changes through career adaptability.
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References
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Creed, P. A., Fallon, T., & Hood, M. (2009). The relationship between career adaptability, person and situation variables, and career concerns in young adults. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 74(2), 219–229. doi:10.1016/j. jvb.2008.12.004
De Fruyt, F., Wille, B., & Furnham, A. (2013). Assessing aberrant personality in managerial coaching: Measurement issues and prevalence rates across employment sectors. European Journal of Personality, 27(6), 555–564. doi: 10.1002/per.1911
Deluga, R. J. (2001). Relationship among American presidential charismatic leadership, machiavellianism, and rated performance. The Leadership Quarterly, 8(1), 339−363. doi:10.1016/S1048-9843(97)90030-8
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Đurišić-Bojanović, M., & Savković, M. (2010). Workforce organisational flexibility: Readiness for change. Strategic Management, 15(2), 22−31.
Egan, V., Chan, S., & Shorter, G.W. (2014). The Dark Triad, happiness and subjective well-being. Personality and Individual Differences, 67, 17−22. doi:10.1016/j. paid.2014.01.004
George, D., & Mallery, P. (2001). SPSS for Windows Step by Step: A Simple Guide and Reference – 10.0 Update. Boston: Allyn and Bacon.
Gravetter, F. J., & Wallnau, L. B. (2014). Introduction to the t-statistic. In F. Grayetter & L. Wallnau (Eds.), Essentials of Statistics for the Behavioral Sciences (8 th ed). USA: Cengage Learning.
Guan, Y., Deng, H., Sun, J., Wang, Y., Cai, Z., Ye, L., ... Li, Y. (2013). Career adaptability, job search self-efficacy and outcomes: A three-wave investigation among Chinese university graduates. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 83(3), 561–570. doi:10.1016/j.jvb.2013.09.003.
Harms, P. D., Spain, S. M., & Hannah, S. T. (2011). Leader development and the dark side of personality. The Leadership Quarterly, 22(3), 495–509. doi:10.1016/j. leaqua.2011.04.007
Hirschi A., & Jaensch V. K. (2015). Narcissism and career success: Occupational self-efficacy and career engagement as mediators. Personality and Individual Differences, 77, 205–208. doi:10.1016/j.paid.2015.01.0029
Hogan, R., & Hogan, J. (2001). Assessing leadership: A view from the dark side. International Journal of Selection and Assessment , 9(1-2), 40–51. doi:10.1111/1468-2389.00162
Hogan, R., & Kaiser, R. B. (2005). What we know about leadership. Review of General Psychology, 9(2), 169−180. doi:10.1037/1089-2680.9.2.169
Hu, L. T., & Bentler, P. M. (1999). Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Structural equation modeling: a multidisciplinary journal, 6(1), 1-55. doi:10.1080/10705519909540118
Jonason, P. K., & Webster, G. D. (2010). The Dirty Dozen: A concise measure of the Dark Triad. Psychological Assessment, 22(2), 420–432. doi: 10.1037/ a0019265
Jonason, P. K., Luevano, V. H., & Adams, H. M. (2012). How the Dark Triad traits predict relationship choices. Personality and Individual Differences, 53(3), 180–184. doi:10.1016/j.paid.2012.03.007
Jonason, P. K., Wee, S., & Li, N. P. (2015). Competition, autonomy, and prestige: Mechanisms through which the Dark Triad predict job satisfaction. Personality and Individual Differences, 72, 112–116. doi:10.1016/j.paid.2014.08.026
Jones, D. N., & Paulhus, D. L. (2014). Introducing the Short Dark Triad (SD3): A Brief Measure of Dark Personality Traits. Assessment, 21(1) 28–41. doi:10.1177/1073191113514105
Judge, T. A., & Bono, J. E. (2000). Five-factor model of personality and transformational leadership. Journal of Applied Psychology, 85(5), 751–765. doi:10.1037/00219010.85.5.751
Judge, T. A., LePine, J. A., & Rich, B. L. (2006). Loving yourself abundantly: Relationship of the narcissistic personality to self and other perceptions of workplace deviance, leadership, and task and contextual performance. The Journal of Applied Psychology, 91(4), 762−776. doi: 10.1037/0021-9010.91.4.762
Klehe, U., Zikic, J., Van Vianen, A. E. M., & De Pater, I. E. (2011). Career adaptability, turnover and loyalty during organizational downsizing. Journal of Vocational Behavior 79(1), 217–229. doi:10.1016/j.jvb.2011.01.004
Kline, R. B. (2005). Principles and practice of structural equation modeling. New York: The Guilford Press.
Lazarević, Lj. (2008). Primena indeksa podesnosti u testiranju teorijskih modela u psihologiji: Mogućnosti i ograničenja. Zbornik Instituta za pedagoška istraživanja, 1, 101–121. doi:10.2298/ZIPI0801101
Lips-Wiersma, M., & Hall, D.T. (2007). Organizational career development is not dead: a case study on managing the new career during organizational change. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 28(6), 771–792. doi: 10.1002/job.446
Miller, J. D., Campbell, W. K., & Pilkonis, P. A. (2007). Narcissistic Personality Disorder: Relations with distress and functional impairment. Comprehensive Psychiatry, 48(2), 170−177. doi:10.1016/j.comppsych.2006.10.003
Morf, C. C., & Rhodewalt, F. (2001). Unraveling the paradoxes of narcissism: A dynamic self-regulatory processing model. Psychological Inquiry, 12(4), 177– 196. doi:10.1207/S15327965PLI1204_1.
Nagler, U. K. J., Reiter, K. J., Furtner, M. R., & Rauthmann J. F. (2014). Is there a ‘‘dark intelligence’’? Emotional intelligence is used by dark personalities to emotionally manipulate others. Personality and Individual Differences, 65, 47–52. doi:10.1016/j.paid.2014.01.025
O’Boyle, E. H., Forsyth, D. R., Banks, G. C., & McDaniel, M. A. (2012). A meta-analysis of the dark triad and work behavior: A social exchange perspective. Journal of Applied Psychology, 97(3), 557–579. doi: 10.1037/a0025679
Paulhus, D. L., & Williams, K. M. (2002). The Dark Triad of personality: Narcissism, Machiavellianism, and psychopathy. Journal of Research in Personality, 36(6), 556–563. doi:10.1016/S0092-6566(02)00505-6
Penney, L. M., & Spector, P. E. (2002). Narcissism and Counterproductive Work Behavior: Do Bigger Egos Mean Bigger Problems? International Journal of Selection and Assessment, 10(1/2), 126–134. doi:10.1111/1468-2389.00199 Porfeli, E. J., & Savickas, M. L. (2012). Career adapt-abilities scale - USA form: psychometric properties and relation to vocational identity. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 80(3), 748–753. doi:10.1016/j.jvb.2012.01.009
Rashid, H., & Zhao, L. (2010). The significance of career commitment in generating commitment to organizational change among information technology personnel. Academy of Information and Management Sciences Journal, 13(1), 111-31.
Raskin, R. N., & Hall, C. S. (1979). A narcisstic personality inventory. Psychological Reports, 45(2), 590. doi:10.2466/pr0.1979.45.2.590
Rauthmann, J. F., & Kolar, G. P. (2013). Positioning the Dark Triad in the interpersonal circumplex: The friendly-dominantnarcissist, hostile-submissive Machiavellian, and hostile-dominant psychopath? Personality and Individual Differences, 54(5), 622–627. doi: 10.1016/j.paid.2012.11.021
Savickas, M. L. (1997). Career adaptability: An integrative construct for LifeSpan, Life-Space Theory. The Career Development Quarterly, 45(3), 247–259. doi:10.1002/j.2161-0045.1997.tb00469.x
Savickas, M. L., & Porfeli, E. J. (2012). Career adapt-abilities scale: Construction, reliability, and measurement equivalence across 13 countries. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 80(3), 661–673. doi:10.1016/j.jvb.2012.01.011
Scherer, K. T., Baysinger, M., Zolynsky, D., & LeBreton, J. M. (2013). Predicting counterproductive work behaviors with sub-clinical psychopathy: Beyond the Five Factor Model of personality. Personality and Individual Differences, 55(3), 300–305. doi:/10.1016/j.paid.2013.03.007
Smith, S. F., & Lilienfeld, S. O. (2013). Psychopathy in the workplace: The knowns and unknowns. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 18(2), 204–218. doi:10.1016/j.avb.2012.11.007
Spain, S., Harms, M., & Lebreton, J. M. (2013). The dark side of personality at work.
Journal of Organizational Behavior, 35, 41–60. doi:10.1002/job.1894
Spurk, D., Keller, C. A., & Hirschi, A. (2015). Do Bad Guys Get Ahead or Fall Behind? Relationships of the Dark Triad of Personality With Objective and Subjective Career Success. Social Psychological and Personality Science, 7(2), 113–121. doi:10.1177/1948550615609735
Suvajdžić, K. i Vujić, D. (2015). Relacije između karakteristika ličnosti i stavova prema organizacionim promenama. Psihološka istraživanja, 18(2), 145-164. Trochim, W. M. K., & Donnelly, J. P. (2006). Research methods knowledge base. USA: Cengage Learning.
Vakola, M., Tsaousis, I., & Nikolaou, I. (2013). The role of emotional intelligence and personality variables on attitudes toward organisational change. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 19(2), 88−110. doi:10.1108/02683940410526082
Volmer, J., Koch, I. K., & Göritz, A. S. (2016). The bright and dark sides of leaders’ dark triad traits: Effects on subordinates’ career success and wellbeing. Personality and Individual Differences 101, 413–418. doi:10.1016/j. paid.2016.06.046
Wai, M., & Tiliopoulos, N. (2012). The affective and cognitive empathic nature of the dark triad of personality. Personality and Individual Differences, 52, 794– 799. doi:10.1016/j.paid.2012.01.008
Wu, J., & LeBreton, J. M. (2011). Reconsidering the dispositional basis of counterproductive work behavior: The role of aberrant personality. Personnel Psychology, 64(3), 593–626. doi:10.1111/j.1744-6570.2011.01220.x
Becker, J., & O’Hair, H. D. (2007). Machiavellians’ motives in organizational citizenship behavior. Journal of Applied Communication Research, 35(3), 246–267. doi:10.1080/00909880701434232
Burnham, K. P., & Anderson, D.R. (1998). Model selection and inference: A practical information - theoretic approach. New York: Springer-Verlag.
Campbell, W. K. (1999). Narcissism and romantic attraction. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 77(6), 1254–1270. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.77.6.1254 Chan, S.H.J., & Mai, X. (2015). The relation of career adaptability to satisfaction and turnover intentions. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 89, 130–139. doi:10.1016/j.jvb.2015.05.005
Choi, D., Oh, I. S., & Colbert, A. E. (2015). Understanding organizational commitment: A meta-analytic examination of the roles of the five-factor model of personality and culture. Journal of Applied Psychology, 100(5), 1542-1567. doi:10.1037/apl0000014
Christie, R., & Geis, F. L. (1970). Studies in Machiavellianism. (1st edition). New York, London: Academic Press.
Cohen, A. (2016). Are they among us? A conceptual framework of the relationship between the dark triad personality and counterproductive work behaviors (CWBs). Human Resource Management Review 26(1), 69–85. doi:10.1016/j. hrmr.2015.07.003
Creed, P. A., Fallon, T., & Hood, M. (2009). The relationship between career adaptability, person and situation variables, and career concerns in young adults. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 74(2), 219–229. doi:10.1016/j. jvb.2008.12.004
De Fruyt, F., Wille, B., & Furnham, A. (2013). Assessing aberrant personality in managerial coaching: Measurement issues and prevalence rates across employment sectors. European Journal of Personality, 27(6), 555–564. doi: 10.1002/per.1911
Deluga, R. J. (2001). Relationship among American presidential charismatic leadership, machiavellianism, and rated performance. The Leadership Quarterly, 8(1), 339−363. doi:10.1016/S1048-9843(97)90030-8
Dostanić, J. i Čizmić, S. (2017). Opažene karakteristike organizacije i osobine ličnosti kao prediktori predanosti karijeri. Rad prezentovan na 65. Kongresu psihologa Srbije, Zlatibor.
Duck, J. D. (2001). The Change Monster. New York: Crown Business.
Đurišić-Bojanović, M. (2015). Psihologija organizacionih promena i razvoja. Beograd: Filozofski fakultet u Beogradu i Centar za primenjenu psihologiju.
Đurišić-Bojanović, M., & Savković, M. (2010). Workforce organisational flexibility: Readiness for change. Strategic Management, 15(2), 22−31.
Egan, V., Chan, S., & Shorter, G.W. (2014). The Dark Triad, happiness and subjective well-being. Personality and Individual Differences, 67, 17−22. doi:10.1016/j. paid.2014.01.004
George, D., & Mallery, P. (2001). SPSS for Windows Step by Step: A Simple Guide and Reference – 10.0 Update. Boston: Allyn and Bacon.
Gravetter, F. J., & Wallnau, L. B. (2014). Introduction to the t-statistic. In F. Grayetter & L. Wallnau (Eds.), Essentials of Statistics for the Behavioral Sciences (8 th ed). USA: Cengage Learning.
Guan, Y., Deng, H., Sun, J., Wang, Y., Cai, Z., Ye, L., ... Li, Y. (2013). Career adaptability, job search self-efficacy and outcomes: A three-wave investigation among Chinese university graduates. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 83(3), 561–570. doi:10.1016/j.jvb.2013.09.003.
Harms, P. D., Spain, S. M., & Hannah, S. T. (2011). Leader development and the dark side of personality. The Leadership Quarterly, 22(3), 495–509. doi:10.1016/j. leaqua.2011.04.007
Hirschi A., & Jaensch V. K. (2015). Narcissism and career success: Occupational self-efficacy and career engagement as mediators. Personality and Individual Differences, 77, 205–208. doi:10.1016/j.paid.2015.01.0029
Hogan, R., & Hogan, J. (2001). Assessing leadership: A view from the dark side. International Journal of Selection and Assessment , 9(1-2), 40–51. doi:10.1111/1468-2389.00162
Hogan, R., & Kaiser, R. B. (2005). What we know about leadership. Review of General Psychology, 9(2), 169−180. doi:10.1037/1089-2680.9.2.169
Hu, L. T., & Bentler, P. M. (1999). Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Structural equation modeling: a multidisciplinary journal, 6(1), 1-55. doi:10.1080/10705519909540118
Jonason, P. K., & Webster, G. D. (2010). The Dirty Dozen: A concise measure of the Dark Triad. Psychological Assessment, 22(2), 420–432. doi: 10.1037/ a0019265
Jonason, P. K., Luevano, V. H., & Adams, H. M. (2012). How the Dark Triad traits predict relationship choices. Personality and Individual Differences, 53(3), 180–184. doi:10.1016/j.paid.2012.03.007
Jonason, P. K., Wee, S., & Li, N. P. (2015). Competition, autonomy, and prestige: Mechanisms through which the Dark Triad predict job satisfaction. Personality and Individual Differences, 72, 112–116. doi:10.1016/j.paid.2014.08.026
Jones, D. N., & Paulhus, D. L. (2014). Introducing the Short Dark Triad (SD3): A Brief Measure of Dark Personality Traits. Assessment, 21(1) 28–41. doi:10.1177/1073191113514105
Judge, T. A., & Bono, J. E. (2000). Five-factor model of personality and transformational leadership. Journal of Applied Psychology, 85(5), 751–765. doi:10.1037/00219010.85.5.751
Judge, T. A., LePine, J. A., & Rich, B. L. (2006). Loving yourself abundantly: Relationship of the narcissistic personality to self and other perceptions of workplace deviance, leadership, and task and contextual performance. The Journal of Applied Psychology, 91(4), 762−776. doi: 10.1037/0021-9010.91.4.762
Klehe, U., Zikic, J., Van Vianen, A. E. M., & De Pater, I. E. (2011). Career adaptability, turnover and loyalty during organizational downsizing. Journal of Vocational Behavior 79(1), 217–229. doi:10.1016/j.jvb.2011.01.004
Kline, R. B. (2005). Principles and practice of structural equation modeling. New York: The Guilford Press.
Lazarević, Lj. (2008). Primena indeksa podesnosti u testiranju teorijskih modela u psihologiji: Mogućnosti i ograničenja. Zbornik Instituta za pedagoška istraživanja, 1, 101–121. doi:10.2298/ZIPI0801101
Lips-Wiersma, M., & Hall, D.T. (2007). Organizational career development is not dead: a case study on managing the new career during organizational change. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 28(6), 771–792. doi: 10.1002/job.446
Miller, J. D., Campbell, W. K., & Pilkonis, P. A. (2007). Narcissistic Personality Disorder: Relations with distress and functional impairment. Comprehensive Psychiatry, 48(2), 170−177. doi:10.1016/j.comppsych.2006.10.003
Morf, C. C., & Rhodewalt, F. (2001). Unraveling the paradoxes of narcissism: A dynamic self-regulatory processing model. Psychological Inquiry, 12(4), 177– 196. doi:10.1207/S15327965PLI1204_1.
Nagler, U. K. J., Reiter, K. J., Furtner, M. R., & Rauthmann J. F. (2014). Is there a ‘‘dark intelligence’’? Emotional intelligence is used by dark personalities to emotionally manipulate others. Personality and Individual Differences, 65, 47–52. doi:10.1016/j.paid.2014.01.025
O’Boyle, E. H., Forsyth, D. R., Banks, G. C., & McDaniel, M. A. (2012). A meta-analysis of the dark triad and work behavior: A social exchange perspective. Journal of Applied Psychology, 97(3), 557–579. doi: 10.1037/a0025679
Paulhus, D. L., & Williams, K. M. (2002). The Dark Triad of personality: Narcissism, Machiavellianism, and psychopathy. Journal of Research in Personality, 36(6), 556–563. doi:10.1016/S0092-6566(02)00505-6
Penney, L. M., & Spector, P. E. (2002). Narcissism and Counterproductive Work Behavior: Do Bigger Egos Mean Bigger Problems? International Journal of Selection and Assessment, 10(1/2), 126–134. doi:10.1111/1468-2389.00199 Porfeli, E. J., & Savickas, M. L. (2012). Career adapt-abilities scale - USA form: psychometric properties and relation to vocational identity. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 80(3), 748–753. doi:10.1016/j.jvb.2012.01.009
Rashid, H., & Zhao, L. (2010). The significance of career commitment in generating commitment to organizational change among information technology personnel. Academy of Information and Management Sciences Journal, 13(1), 111-31.
Raskin, R. N., & Hall, C. S. (1979). A narcisstic personality inventory. Psychological Reports, 45(2), 590. doi:10.2466/pr0.1979.45.2.590
Rauthmann, J. F., & Kolar, G. P. (2013). Positioning the Dark Triad in the interpersonal circumplex: The friendly-dominantnarcissist, hostile-submissive Machiavellian, and hostile-dominant psychopath? Personality and Individual Differences, 54(5), 622–627. doi: 10.1016/j.paid.2012.11.021
Savickas, M. L. (1997). Career adaptability: An integrative construct for LifeSpan, Life-Space Theory. The Career Development Quarterly, 45(3), 247–259. doi:10.1002/j.2161-0045.1997.tb00469.x
Savickas, M. L., & Porfeli, E. J. (2012). Career adapt-abilities scale: Construction, reliability, and measurement equivalence across 13 countries. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 80(3), 661–673. doi:10.1016/j.jvb.2012.01.011
Scherer, K. T., Baysinger, M., Zolynsky, D., & LeBreton, J. M. (2013). Predicting counterproductive work behaviors with sub-clinical psychopathy: Beyond the Five Factor Model of personality. Personality and Individual Differences, 55(3), 300–305. doi:/10.1016/j.paid.2013.03.007
Smith, S. F., & Lilienfeld, S. O. (2013). Psychopathy in the workplace: The knowns and unknowns. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 18(2), 204–218. doi:10.1016/j.avb.2012.11.007
Spain, S., Harms, M., & Lebreton, J. M. (2013). The dark side of personality at work.
Journal of Organizational Behavior, 35, 41–60. doi:10.1002/job.1894
Spurk, D., Keller, C. A., & Hirschi, A. (2015). Do Bad Guys Get Ahead or Fall Behind? Relationships of the Dark Triad of Personality With Objective and Subjective Career Success. Social Psychological and Personality Science, 7(2), 113–121. doi:10.1177/1948550615609735
Suvajdžić, K. i Vujić, D. (2015). Relacije između karakteristika ličnosti i stavova prema organizacionim promenama. Psihološka istraživanja, 18(2), 145-164. Trochim, W. M. K., & Donnelly, J. P. (2006). Research methods knowledge base. USA: Cengage Learning.
Vakola, M., Tsaousis, I., & Nikolaou, I. (2013). The role of emotional intelligence and personality variables on attitudes toward organisational change. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 19(2), 88−110. doi:10.1108/02683940410526082
Volmer, J., Koch, I. K., & Göritz, A. S. (2016). The bright and dark sides of leaders’ dark triad traits: Effects on subordinates’ career success and wellbeing. Personality and Individual Differences 101, 413–418. doi:10.1016/j. paid.2016.06.046
Wai, M., & Tiliopoulos, N. (2012). The affective and cognitive empathic nature of the dark triad of personality. Personality and Individual Differences, 52, 794– 799. doi:10.1016/j.paid.2012.01.008
Wu, J., & LeBreton, J. M. (2011). Reconsidering the dispositional basis of counterproductive work behavior: The role of aberrant personality. Personnel Psychology, 64(3), 593–626. doi:10.1111/j.1744-6570.2011.01220.x
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25.06.2018
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Suvajdžić, K. (2018). CAREER ADAPTABILITY AS A MEDIATOR OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN DARK TRIAD TRAITS AND ATTITUDES TOWARDS ORGANIZATIONAL CHANGES. Primenjena Psihologija, 11(2), 171–187. https://doi.org/10.19090/pp.2018.2.171-187
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