Primenjena psihologija

Psychometric Characteristics of the Serbian Version of the Ethical Leadership at Work Questionnaire (ELW-RS)

Nikola Goljović — Mon, 14 Jul 2025 00:00:00 +0000

The aim of this study was to adapt the Ethical Leadership at Work Scale (ELW) into Serbian as a self-report measure for subordinates to evaluate their managers, to examine the construct validity of this new version, and to test the level of invariance across gender and organizational sector within the Serbian version (ELW-SR). The sample consisted of 306 participants with at least six months of work experience, predominantly female (72.50%), aged between 20 and 63 years, mostly highly educated, and primarily employed on a permanent basis in the private sector (74.80%). The analysis confirmed that ELW-SR adequately reflects all dimensions of the original scale: people orientation, fairness, power sharing, concern for sustainability, ethical guidance, role clarification, and integrity. Confirmatory factor analysis showed that a seven-dimensional solution with correlated residuals provides a good fit (χ²=, df=; CFI = .92, TLI = .91, RMSEA = .07, and SRMR = .10), thereby affirming the validity of the Serbian version of the scale. However, the study points to the need for caution in generalizing results, particularly concerning variables such as gender and type of organization, where the assumptions of invariance were not unequivocally confirmed. Additionally, the scale's criterion validity was tested to examine how well the test results predict relevant outcomes related to ethical leadership, such as job satisfaction, psychological safety, and self-efficacy. These findings imply that ELW-SR can be an effective tool for assessing ethical leadership in the Serbian business context.

The relation between different executive functions and depressive symptoms in young adults in Croatia

Tamara Bolić, Silvija Ručević, Sandra Brezetić — Mon, 14 Jul 2025 00:00:00 +0000

The study aims to explore the specific relation of different executive functions with depressive symptoms in a non-clinical sample of young adults in Croatia. The online study included 290 young adults (aged 18-35). Participants completed a PHQ-9 questionnaire that assessed depressive symptoms, one measure of executive functions using self-report, and two behavioural tasks measuring working memory and inhibition. Partial correlation analysis indicated that better working memory (measured using both self-report and a behavioural task) is related to less depressive symptoms in young adults. Contrary to expectations, the relation between inhibition and depressive symptoms was not confirmed. Additionally, the regression analysis suggests that working memory task is an important predictor of depressive symptoms, even after controlling for participant’s education level, financial status, and level of resilience. Research shows that certain executive functions are differentially related to mental health in young adults. Additional research is needed to explore the mechanism underlying these differences and aid the creation of more appropriate treatment plans.

Psychometric evaluation of an Indonesian version of the Brief Self-Control Scale: Item calibration using polytomous Rasch models

Diana Mutiah, Bobby Suwandi, Muhammad Dwirifqi Kharisma Putra — Mon, 14 Jul 2025 00:00:00 +0000

This study aimed to evaluate the psychometric properties of the 10-item Indonesian version of the Brief Self-Control Scale (BSCS). It used the polytomous Rasch model, which enables more detailed analysis, including differential item functioning (DIF) analysis. The participants in this study were 1001 Indonesian high school students. We found that the partial credit model (PCM) was a better fit than the rating scale model. Furthermore, the unidimensionality, local independence, and monotonicity assumptions of the PCM were valid for the BSCS. Q5 was the only item that did not fit the PCM. The step parameters of the BSCS functioned well, with values ranging from low to high, as expected, for all items, indicating monotonicity. Person separation reliability was 0.71, indicating that the BSCS has good internal consistency. The DIF analysis showed that item Q5 functioned differently across genders. In general, the remaining nine items of the BSCS have good psychometric properties for measuring self-control.

Unwarranted Trust and Unwarranted Punishment: Scientistic Beliefs Predict Support for Penalizing Science Skeptics

Petar Lukić, Iris Žeželj — Mon, 14 Jul 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Contemporary society demands laypeople to articulate their attitudes towards science. Whilst distrust in science undeniably has detrimental outcomes, we argue that its opposite, uncritical trust in science and scientists (i.e. scientism) also leads to potential unwarranted societal polarization. In Study 1 we observed that people who endorsed scientistic beliefs supported discriminatory policies against people who ignore scientific knowledge or promote anti-scientific views, ranging from restrictions on their media appearance to imprisonment and denial of healthcare. Study 2 replicated the effect and tested its potential mechanism: the tendency to moralize rationality mediated the relationship between scientistic beliefs and support for penalizing measures. Our findings demonstrate that unwarranted beliefs, even if positive in their moderate version, are associated with increased support for unwarranted measures against dissenters.

The Differences in the Importance of Upbringing Tolerance in a Chinese Family Across Generations

Mon, 14 Jul 2025 00:00:00 +0000

The article uses China as an example to demonstrate the importance and possibility of taking big data into account when studying intergenerational relationships during a period of great change. The aims of the study were to examine the importance of nurturing tolerance in children in Chinese families. To ensure representativeness, different generations of adults who live in diverse socio-economic conditions were included in the study. The study used the World Values Survey (WVS) database (China’s participation from 1990 to 2018), and the sample included 14,489 respondents. According to the results of the frequency analysis, tolerance ranks 2-5 (depending on the year of the study) among the qualities important for nurturing in a Chinese family. The qualities that Chinese respondents rate as more important for raising children than tolerance include independence and diligence. The highest value for the importance of nurturing tolerance in the family was recorded in 2001, but since 2007, a statistically significant downward trend has been established. Respondents under 29 often rate tolerance higher than respondents aged 30-49 and over 50.